{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408970925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555883","title":"Energy Storage Impact on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Reduction in an Islanded Microgrid","display_name":"Energy Storage Impact on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Reduction in an Islanded Microgrid","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408970925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555883","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023918236","display_name":"Nicola Panzavecchia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-7255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133906","display_name":"Institute of Marine Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnx8e75","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Panzavecchia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-7255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071827086","display_name":"Giuseppe Caravello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-3694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133906","display_name":"Institute of Marine Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnx8e75","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Caravello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026990525","display_name":"Antonio Cataliotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8727-704X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Cataliotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8727-704X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032549923","display_name":"Valentina Cosentino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-7774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Cosentino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-7774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088354612","display_name":"Giovanni Tin\u00e8","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-9306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133906","display_name":"Institute of Marine Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnx8e75","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Tin\u00e8","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-9306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031899703","display_name":"Dario Di Cara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-5875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133906","display_name":"Institute of Marine Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnx8e75","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Di Cara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-5875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023918236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133906","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74371556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"58887","last_page":"58898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8360283970832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6817627549171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5415598750114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.46862486004829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3906960189342499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.22486311197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.18444836139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16896739602088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1165236234664917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8360283970832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6817627549171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5415598750114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46862486004829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3906960189342499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.22486311197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18444836139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16896739602088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1165236234664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fc8f8b0518349eca50330f3265ee30c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9fc8f8b0518349eca50330f3265ee30c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 58887-58898 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/681203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10447/681203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5823240559","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project MERSIS, PRIN 2022 PNRR, CUP: B53D230241600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W3037384208","https://openalex.org/W1600945217","https://openalex.org/W1932401759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,117,129],"increasing":[1],"deployment":[2],"of":[3,22,28,79,104,114,144,152],"distributed":[4,46],"generation":[5],"(DG)":[6],"presents":[7],"considerable":[8],"challenges":[9],"for":[10],"system":[11,147],"operators.":[12],"impact":[14],"is":[15,65,97,132],"even":[16],"more":[17],"pronounced":[18],"in":[19,67,88,112],"the":[20,83,92,101,109,141,145,149],"case":[21],"islanded":[23],"grids,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"those":[27],"small":[29],"islands.":[30],"Their":[31],"electrical":[32],"networks":[33],"are":[34,56],"usually":[35],"supplied":[36],"by":[37],"a":[38,105,125,135],"central":[39],"station":[40],"with":[41],"diesel":[42,80],"generators":[43,81],"and":[44,82,148,155],"many":[45],"sources":[47,103,154],"from":[48],"renewable":[49],"energies.":[50],"In":[51],"these":[52,72],"networks,":[53],"storage":[54,73,156],"systems":[55,74],"installed":[57],"to":[58,70,75,90,99,107,138],"help":[59],"network":[60,142],"stability.":[61],"An":[62],"optimization":[63,122],"algorithm":[64,123],"presented":[66],"this":[68],"paper":[69],"use":[71],"reduce":[76],"fuel":[77],"consumption":[78],"consequent":[84],"CO2":[85,115],"emissions.":[86,116],"More":[87],"detail,":[89],"control":[91],"energy":[93],"systems,":[94],"an":[95,121],"approach":[96],"proposed":[98,118],"manage":[100],"different":[102],"microgrid":[106],"obtain":[108],"minimum":[110],"solution":[111],"terms":[113],"method":[119],"utilizes":[120],"within":[124],"day-based":[126],"scheduling":[127],"strategy.":[128],"decision":[130],"strategy":[131],"based":[133],"on":[134],"multi-stage":[136],"process":[137],"both":[139,153],"handle":[140],"constraints":[143],"distribution":[146],"operating":[150],"specifications":[151],"systems.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}