{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408941333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555734","title":"A Novel Quad-Core Double-Steel Optical Fiber Solution for Landslide Monitoring","display_name":"A Novel Quad-Core Double-Steel Optical Fiber Solution for Landslide Monitoring","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408941333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555734","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020205306","display_name":"Melvin J. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-3061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Merlin Asha Manoah Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","Digital Innovation & Smart Society Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-3061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Innovation & Smart Society Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000883674","display_name":"Swee King Phang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7877-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swee King Phang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","Digital Innovation & Smart Society Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7877-8766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Innovation & Smart Society Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053664003","display_name":"Wei Ru Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-6172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ru Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-6172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089437683","display_name":"Ari Happonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-1776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ari Happonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Department, LUT School of Engineering Sciences, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland","Software Engineering Department, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-1776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Department, LUT School of Engineering Sciences, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Department, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020205306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85084979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"55416","last_page":"55430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14225","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Control Systems","score":0.9111999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide","display_name":"Landslide","score":0.5420876145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.5251041054725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.45203226804733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3835917115211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.33770376443862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25779008865356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.14296704530715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1342604160308838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186295008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167903","display_name":"Landslide","level":2,"score":0.5420876145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5251041054725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.45203226804733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3835917115211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33770376443862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25779008865356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.14296704530715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1342604160308838}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a6d0b373aca47b886849ca0616c57f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a6d0b373aca47b886849ca0616c57f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 55416-55430 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498930080","https://openalex.org/W1543940536","https://openalex.org/W2014005302","https://openalex.org/W2043346691","https://openalex.org/W2124809526","https://openalex.org/W2140409241","https://openalex.org/W2342857862","https://openalex.org/W2461690792","https://openalex.org/W2591643279","https://openalex.org/W2596550237","https://openalex.org/W2596888416","https://openalex.org/W2752623846","https://openalex.org/W2770156895","https://openalex.org/W2770230265","https://openalex.org/W2774394374","https://openalex.org/W2790424270","https://openalex.org/W2900182786","https://openalex.org/W2916102124","https://openalex.org/W2936919391","https://openalex.org/W2945637751","https://openalex.org/W2968145786","https://openalex.org/W2978702589","https://openalex.org/W2979289378","https://openalex.org/W2998643198","https://openalex.org/W3006318293","https://openalex.org/W3035673975","https://openalex.org/W3048601677","https://openalex.org/W3077146447","https://openalex.org/W3092015294","https://openalex.org/W3129818012","https://openalex.org/W3133707139","https://openalex.org/W3134681182","https://openalex.org/W3137798495","https://openalex.org/W3151461838","https://openalex.org/W3168832939","https://openalex.org/W3170650354","https://openalex.org/W3183109911","https://openalex.org/W3188337667","https://openalex.org/W3203840563","https://openalex.org/W3215142541","https://openalex.org/W4200001671","https://openalex.org/W4206228620","https://openalex.org/W4230669288","https://openalex.org/W4283156202","https://openalex.org/W4292347933","https://openalex.org/W4307203662","https://openalex.org/W4308358597","https://openalex.org/W4312228450","https://openalex.org/W4313532623","https://openalex.org/W4316037202","https://openalex.org/W4316127131","https://openalex.org/W4381277662","https://openalex.org/W4383722043","https://openalex.org/W4385271168","https://openalex.org/W4385828207","https://openalex.org/W4387582182","https://openalex.org/W4388442652","https://openalex.org/W4389070771","https://openalex.org/W4389402345","https://openalex.org/W4389746063","https://openalex.org/W4390347207","https://openalex.org/W4392187919","https://openalex.org/W4399043015","https://openalex.org/W4402957014","https://openalex.org/W6654968457","https://openalex.org/W6658459895","https://openalex.org/W6660140494","https://openalex.org/W6745116888","https://openalex.org/W6756166145","https://openalex.org/W6795341697","https://openalex.org/W6930914445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2389676928","https://openalex.org/W3169474304","https://openalex.org/W2369104181","https://openalex.org/W3201652628","https://openalex.org/W4212972401","https://openalex.org/W2389287188","https://openalex.org/W3081499580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presented":[2],"the":[3,40,96,117,123,156],"design":[4,125],"and":[5,34,45,50,81,105,112,147,165,176],"performance":[6],"evaluation":[7],"of":[8,48,70],"a":[9,27,76,127,132,139,148,170],"novel":[10],"quad-core":[11,97,124,157],"optical":[12,52],"fiber":[13,53],"cable":[14,25,100,158],"with":[15,75],"lateral":[16],"double":[17,98],"steel":[18,99,120],"wire":[19],"support":[20],"for":[21,30,160,174],"landslide":[22,32,71,161],"detection.":[23],"The":[24,92],"offered":[26],"multipurpose":[28],"solution":[29,173],"both":[31],"monitoring":[33],"traditional":[35],"data":[36],"transmission.":[37],"We":[38],"investigated":[39],"mechanical":[41,58,110],"behavior,":[42],"durability,":[43],"sensitivity,":[44],"signal":[46,107,137],"integrity":[47],"single-":[49],"double-steel":[51],"cables":[54],"(OFCs)":[55],"under":[56],"various":[57],"stresses.":[59],"Simulations":[60],"were":[61,73,83],"conducted":[62],"using":[63,85],"SOLIDWORKS":[64],"2023":[65],"SP1,":[66],"while":[67],"experimental":[68],"simulations":[69],"forces":[72],"performed":[74],"Universal":[77],"Testing":[78],"Machine":[79],"(UTM)-Instron,":[80],"measurements":[82],"evaluated":[84],"an":[86],"Optical":[87],"Time":[88],"Domain":[89],"Reflectometer":[90],"(OTDR).":[91],"results":[93],"showed":[94],"that":[95],"exhibited":[101],"significantly":[102],"lower":[103,129],"localized":[104],"overall":[106,136],"losses,":[108],"improved":[109],"strength,":[111],"greater":[113],"sensitivity":[114],"compared":[115],"to":[116],"1-core":[118],"single":[119],"cable.":[121],"Notably,":[122],"demonstrated":[126],"76%":[128],"load":[130,145],"threshold,":[131],"95%":[133],"reduction":[134,141],"in":[135,142,151],"loss,":[138],"20%":[140],"loss":[143],"at":[144],"points,":[146],"315%":[149],"increase":[150],"attenuation.":[152],"These":[153],"advantages":[154],"made":[155],"ideal":[159],"detection,":[162],"environmental":[163],"monitoring,":[164],"subsurface":[166],"pipeline":[167],"movement,":[168],"offering":[169],"more":[171],"reliable":[172],"geohazard":[175],"infrastructure":[177],"monitoring.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}