{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408915458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555543","title":"State-of-the-Art in Responsible, Explainable, and Fair AI for Medical Image Analysis","display_name":"State-of-the-Art in Responsible, Explainable, and Fair AI for Medical Image Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408915458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555543","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007161005","display_name":"Soheyla Amirian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-0739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126863827","display_name":"Pace University","ror":"https://ror.org/047p7y759","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126863827"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soheyla Amirian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York, NY, USA","Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, NYC, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-0739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126863827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, NYC, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126863827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015618785","display_name":"Fengyi Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9169-2192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengyi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9169-2192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092654561","display_name":"Nickolas Littlefield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2741-2981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nickolas Littlefield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2741-2981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026667907","display_name":"Jonathan Hill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126863827","display_name":"Pace University","ror":"https://ror.org/047p7y759","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126863827"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan H. Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York, NY, USA","Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, NYC, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126863827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, NYC, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126863827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024364102","display_name":"Adolph J. Yates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-7743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adolph J. Yates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-7743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043280440","display_name":"Johannes F. Plate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-2589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes F. Plate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028342220","display_name":"Liron Pantanowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-5503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liron Pantanowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Pathology and AI Center of Excellence (CPACE), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Pathology and AI Center of Excellence (CPACE), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029758903","display_name":"Hooman H. Rashidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-8490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hooman H. Rashidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Pathology and AI Center of Excellence (CPACE), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Pathology and AI Center of Excellence (CPACE), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067918441","display_name":"Ahmad P. Tafti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9650-2862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad P. Tafti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9650-2862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007161005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126863827"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.6688,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9809192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"58229","last_page":"58263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9376999735832214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6108189821243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5434870719909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.500234842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.425180047750473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38615110516548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1436675786972046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6108189821243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5434870719909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.500234842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.425180047750473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38615110516548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1436675786972046}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a84fe367fb8f4db7874b83888527ba86","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a84fe367fb8f4db7874b83888527ba86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 58229-58263 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":388,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2109426455","https://openalex.org/W2116984840","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2144846366","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2199825521","https://openalex.org/W2240067561","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2399459255","https://openalex.org/W2413867752","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2601847250","https://openalex.org/W2606462007","https://openalex.org/W2737735866","https://openalex.org/W2739253377","https://openalex.org/W2776207810","https://openalex.org/W2788403449","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2884473471","https://openalex.org/W2894511130","https://openalex.org/W2898289136","https://openalex.org/W2900972430","https://openalex.org/W2901782819","https://openalex.org/W2901954625","https://openalex.org/W2903896358","https://openalex.org/W2905029197","https://openalex.org/W2905307056","https://openalex.org/W2912934043","https://openalex.org/W2921476071","https://openalex.org/W2923585142","https://openalex.org/W2938286792","https://openalex.org/W2945295328","https://openalex.org/W2948963481","https://openalex.org/W2949301588","https://openalex.org/W2953532875","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2956993163","https://openalex.org/W2958089299","https://openalex.org/W2959065917","https://openalex.org/W2962843949","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963125461","https://openalex.org/W2963306933","https://openalex.org/W2964023221","https://openalex.org/W2967480871","https://openalex.org/W2977498432","https://openalex.org/W2979454968","https://openalex.org/W2980026441","https://openalex.org/W2980248665","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2982314381","https://openalex.org/W2989512989","https://openalex.org/W2989692526","https://openalex.org/W2994120362","https://openalex.org/W2994940018","https://openalex.org/W2995323791","https://openalex.org/W2997398218","https://openalex.org/W2997520586","https://openalex.org/W2998623548","https://openalex.org/W3000668449","https://openalex.org/W3000716014","https://openalex.org/W3005136076","https://openalex.org/W3005369330","https://openalex.org/W3007204236","https://openalex.org/W3010300896","https://openalex.org/W3011037064","https://openalex.org/W3013682536","https://openalex.org/W3014924729","https://openalex.org/W3022222254","https://openalex.org/W3025819524","https://openalex.org/W3026316716","https://openalex.org/W3031839920","https://openalex.org/W3033124657","https://openalex.org/W3033511014","https://openalex.org/W3034256900","https://openalex.org/W3035447285","https://openalex.org/W3036319923","https://openalex.org/W3038004684","https://openalex.org/W3046238651","https://openalex.org/W3084798277","https://openalex.org/W3089992641","https://openalex.org/W3091484480","https://openalex.org/W3091589898","https://openalex.org/W3092339728","https://openalex.org/W3094342525","https://openalex.org/W3096789145","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3098873896","https://openalex.org/W3099081599","https://openalex.org/W3100814427","https://openalex.org/W3104119469","https://openalex.org/W3109762849","https://openalex.org/W3119408429","https://openalex.org/W3123459983","https://openalex.org/W3124761574","https://openalex.org/W3128076801","https://openalex.org/W3130450512","https://openalex.org/W3132764260","https://openalex.org/W3134091181","https://openalex.org/W3134362900","https://openalex.org/W3137165523","https://openalex.org/W3140832216","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W3155555028","https://openalex.org/W3157059443","https://openalex.org/W3159204223","https://openalex.org/W3165579981","https://openalex.org/W3172087295","https://openalex.org/W3173496715","https://openalex.org/W3174422331","https://openalex.org/W3177811843","https://openalex.org/W3177888841","https://openalex.org/W3182171307","https://openalex.org/W3183198896","https://openalex.org/W3193424383","https://openalex.org/W3194248593","https://openalex.org/W3195042788","https://openalex.org/W3195997474","https://openalex.org/W3196012986","https://openalex.org/W3202183072","https://openalex.org/W3202810143","https://openalex.org/W3203636625","https://openalex.org/W3206840963","https://openalex.org/W3208334254","https://openalex.org/W3212053370","https://openalex.org/W3214185682","https://openalex.org/W3215517669","https://openalex.org/W3215928733","https://openalex.org/W4200240489","https://openalex.org/W4200327446","https://openalex.org/W4200390764","https://openalex.org/W4200624655","https://openalex.org/W4206796831","https://openalex.org/W4210605645","https://openalex.org/W4210670486","https://openalex.org/W4212816667","https://openalex.org/W4212930167","https://openalex.org/W4212942200","https://openalex.org/W4213172184","https://openalex.org/W4214694545","https://openalex.org/W4214739326","https://openalex.org/W4220718380","https://openalex.org/W4220760463","https://openalex.org/W4220984581","https://openalex.org/W4221045317","https://openalex.org/W4221090794","https://openalex.org/W4224282890","https://openalex.org/W4225571462","https://openalex.org/W4229632424","https://openalex.org/W4236218212","https://openalex.org/W4280554323","https://openalex.org/W4280634355","https://openalex.org/W4282924988","https://openalex.org/W4283123701","https://openalex.org/W4285019560","https://openalex.org/W4285077750","https://openalex.org/W4285293648","https://openalex.org/W4285816437","https://openalex.org/W4287120074","https://openalex.org/W4290033826","https://openalex.org/W4290716979","https://openalex.org/W4293199589","https://openalex.org/W4293239035","https://openalex.org/W4293530301","https://openalex.org/W4295101687","https://openalex.org/W4297399257","https://openalex.org/W4298001169","https://openalex.org/W4298377035","https://openalex.org/W4301398353","https://openalex.org/W4306294884","https://openalex.org/W4306728559","https://openalex.org/W4306763830","https://openalex.org/W4306790271","https://openalex.org/W4308460922","https://openalex.org/W4311253153","https://openalex.org/W4311767714","https://openalex.org/W4312208416","https://openalex.org/W4312623428","https://openalex.org/W4312780623","https://openalex.org/W4313151691","https://openalex.org/W4313472957","https://openalex.org/W4315474725","https://openalex.org/W4317934629","https://openalex.org/W4318147123","https://openalex.org/W4319348251","https://openalex.org/W4320481778","https://openalex.org/W4320724002","https://openalex.org/W4321495293","https://openalex.org/W4321786769","https://openalex.org/W4323267650","https://openalex.org/W4323314522","https://openalex.org/W4324135233","https://openalex.org/W4327736618","https://openalex.org/W4327919044","https://openalex.org/W4328124042","https://openalex.org/W4360855232","https://openalex.org/W4360979683","https://openalex.org/W4362571090","https://openalex.org/W4362602778","https://openalex.org/W4367047941","https://openalex.org/W4367315986","https://openalex.org/W4372266869","https://openalex.org/W4375843255","https://openalex.org/W4378806219","https://openalex.org/W4378840507","https://openalex.org/W4379056866","https://openalex.org/W4379386266","https://openalex.org/W4379470483","https://openalex.org/W4379767393","https://openalex.org/W4381848566","https://openalex.org/W4382394524","https://openalex.org/W4382938909","https://openalex.org/W4384827671","https://openalex.org/W4385281341","https://openalex.org/W4385413402","https://openalex.org/W4385564466","https://openalex.org/W4385729918","https://openalex.org/W4385800817","https://openalex.org/W4385880258","https://openalex.org/W4385898475","https://openalex.org/W4386076467","https://openalex.org/W4386282763","https://openalex.org/W4386735326","https://openalex.org/W4387010676","https://openalex.org/W4387055640","https://openalex.org/W4387211684","https://openalex.org/W4387266549","https://openalex.org/W4387377782","https://openalex.org/W4387397186","https://openalex.org/W4387517389","https://openalex.org/W4387844575","https://openalex.org/W4388344422","https://openalex.org/W4388430322","https://openalex.org/W4388540489","https://openalex.org/W4388674374","https://openalex.org/W4388792924","https://openalex.org/W4389105263","https://openalex.org/W4389166703","https://openalex.org/W4389543578","https://openalex.org/W4389674995","https://openalex.org/W4389949268","https://openalex.org/W4390229867","https://openalex.org/W4390421984","https://openalex.org/W4390584313","https://openalex.org/W4390608362","https://openalex.org/W4390730164","https://openalex.org/W4390829176","https://openalex.org/W4390879320","https://openalex.org/W4390905318","https://openalex.org/W4391006142","https://openalex.org/W4391238866","https://openalex.org/W4391894798","https://openalex.org/W4391935997","https://openalex.org/W4391969619","https://openalex.org/W4391999799","https://openalex.org/W4392172846","https://openalex.org/W4392244271","https://openalex.org/W4392281727","https://openalex.org/W4392305385","https://openalex.org/W4392354123","https://openalex.org/W4392357343","https://openalex.org/W4392445401","https://openalex.org/W4392818019","https://openalex.org/W4393229110","https://openalex.org/W4393336357","https://openalex.org/W4394629168","https://openalex.org/W4394683903","https://openalex.org/W4394717446","https://openalex.org/W4394764492","https://openalex.org/W4394856291","https://openalex.org/W4394946404","https://openalex.org/W4394995391","https://openalex.org/W4396522717","https://openalex.org/W4396596591","https://openalex.org/W4396753303","https://openalex.org/W4396789849","https://openalex.org/W4396893786","https://openalex.org/W4398172733","https://openalex.org/W4398186364","https://openalex.org/W4399107622","https://openalex.org/W4399248993","https://openalex.org/W4399433746","https://openalex.org/W4399592113","https://openalex.org/W4399619293","https://openalex.org/W4399876352","https://openalex.org/W4400015959","https://openalex.org/W4400097921","https://openalex.org/W4400126525","https://openalex.org/W4400252889","https://openalex.org/W4400438949","https://openalex.org/W4400461591","https://openalex.org/W4400578172","https://openalex.org/W4400590391","https://openalex.org/W4400742190","https://openalex.org/W4400878073","https://openalex.org/W4400936793","https://openalex.org/W4401023889","https://openalex.org/W4401157819","https://openalex.org/W4401503494","https://openalex.org/W4401728201","https://openalex.org/W4401748853","https://openalex.org/W4402101027","https://openalex.org/W4402176409","https://openalex.org/W4402392401","https://openalex.org/W4402524908","https://openalex.org/W4402560876","https://openalex.org/W4402568239","https://openalex.org/W4402727485","https://openalex.org/W4402755064","https://openalex.org/W4402916221","https://openalex.org/W4402966066","https://openalex.org/W4403720177","https://openalex.org/W4403850904","https://openalex.org/W4403888337","https://openalex.org/W4403946353","https://openalex.org/W4404238938","https://openalex.org/W4404518324","https://openalex.org/W4406926331","https://openalex.org/W6678977525","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6728551298","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6734862562","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6739575509","https://openalex.org/W6739651123","https://openalex.org/W6745359453","https://openalex.org/W6746225964","https://openalex.org/W6747395325","https://openalex.org/W6748218292","https://openalex.org/W6750391026","https://openalex.org/W6752771859","https://openalex.org/W6752948792","https://openalex.org/W6753001334","https://openalex.org/W6754669440","https://openalex.org/W6756729068","https://openalex.org/W6761586423","https://openalex.org/W6762139531","https://openalex.org/W6763633210","https://openalex.org/W6764462969","https://openalex.org/W6765646913","https://openalex.org/W6767229288","https://openalex.org/W6768690664","https://openalex.org/W6771539043","https://openalex.org/W6774576976","https://openalex.org/W6775335946","https://openalex.org/W6776672889","https://openalex.org/W6779909094","https://openalex.org/W6780360885","https://openalex.org/W6786540209","https://openalex.org/W6789399441","https://openalex.org/W6790836816","https://openalex.org/W6796524997","https://openalex.org/W6797046298","https://openalex.org/W6801054985","https://openalex.org/W6802236014","https://openalex.org/W6803250951","https://openalex.org/W6803416460","https://openalex.org/W6810395592","https://openalex.org/W6810975821","https://openalex.org/W6838522408","https://openalex.org/W6839153583","https://openalex.org/W6841701518","https://openalex.org/W6843129683","https://openalex.org/W6845767997","https://openalex.org/W6847748823","https://openalex.org/W6848160471","https://openalex.org/W6850900544","https://openalex.org/W6857471995","https://openalex.org/W6857802407","https://openalex.org/W6862097502","https://openalex.org/W6868516854","https://openalex.org/W6869315241","https://openalex.org/W6869318728","https://openalex.org/W6869858412","https://openalex.org/W6872567209","https://openalex.org/W6872817280","https://openalex.org/W6873626218","https://openalex.org/W6874276499","https://openalex.org/W6875849721","https://openalex.org/W6892498239","https://openalex.org/W6941225874","https://openalex.org/W6948357497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"responsible,":[1,121],"explainable,":[2,122],"and":[3,30,64,76,84,96,101,111,123],"fair":[4,124],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(REF-AI)":[7],"into":[8],"medical":[9,51,94,129],"image":[10,52],"analysis":[11],"has":[12,20],"gained":[13],"significant":[14],"attention":[15],"in":[16,36,47,128],"recent":[17],"years.":[18],"This":[19],"been":[21],"driven":[22],"by":[23,67],"the":[24,48,57,88,97,120],"pressing":[25],"need":[26],"for":[27,104,114],"ethical,":[28],"trustworthy,":[29],"transparent":[31],"implementation":[32],"of":[33,45,50,60,71,90,99,126],"AI":[34,61,91,127],"systems":[35],"healthcare.":[37],"The":[38],"following":[39],"review":[40],"provides":[41],"a":[42,68],"concise":[43],"overview":[44],"REF-AI":[46],"context":[49],"analysis.":[53],"It":[54],"begins":[55],"with":[56,93],"fundamental":[58],"concepts":[59],"responsibility,":[62],"explainability,":[63],"fairness,":[65],"followed":[66],"comprehensive":[69],"taxonomy":[70],"over":[72],"35":[73],"key":[74],"algorithms":[75],"strategies.":[77],"In":[78],"addition,":[79],"it":[80,107],"compares":[81],"methodologies,":[82],"strengths,":[83],"limitations,":[85],"such":[86],"as":[87],"alignment":[89],"models":[92],"standards":[95],"development":[98],"interpretable":[100],"actionable":[102],"results":[103],"clinicians.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"highlights":[108],"current":[109],"trends":[110],"proposes":[112],"directions":[113],"future":[115],"research":[116],"to":[117],"further":[118],"advance":[119],"application":[125],"imaging.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}