{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408941396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555538","title":"YOLO-SAD: Enhancing Small Aircraft Detection With Multi-Scale Context and Improved Gradient Flow","display_name":"YOLO-SAD: Enhancing Small Aircraft Detection With Multi-Scale Context and Improved Gradient Flow","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408941396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555538","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111130789","display_name":"X. Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3845-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079233100","display_name":"Hongchang Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongchang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022473195","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1705-1977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111130789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.0022,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93271777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"58211","last_page":"58228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12304","display_name":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","score":0.9233999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.602669894695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.577597975730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.576545000076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.46138954162597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4555666446685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.3846256732940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12034398317337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10229495167732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09511539340019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.09175899624824524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.602669894695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.577597975730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.576545000076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.46138954162597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4555666446685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3846256732940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12034398317337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10229495167732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09511539340019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09175899624824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:54fce23144db4053ba9508832d084d09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/54fce23144db4053ba9508832d084d09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 58211-58228 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963323244","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W3013211776","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3046838151","https://openalex.org/W3087807709","https://openalex.org/W3093283311","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3127753524","https://openalex.org/W3134136302","https://openalex.org/W3177026624","https://openalex.org/W3202150210","https://openalex.org/W3208285567","https://openalex.org/W3208645658","https://openalex.org/W4206294875","https://openalex.org/W4225135483","https://openalex.org/W4229453634","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4294957936","https://openalex.org/W4295856979","https://openalex.org/W4295934636","https://openalex.org/W4307905472","https://openalex.org/W4310117546","https://openalex.org/W4312823573","https://openalex.org/W4313537271","https://openalex.org/W4376132965","https://openalex.org/W4377021834","https://openalex.org/W4385801363","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386825413","https://openalex.org/W4387653592","https://openalex.org/W4387986689","https://openalex.org/W4388517067","https://openalex.org/W4389785815","https://openalex.org/W4390488653","https://openalex.org/W4390754707","https://openalex.org/W4390873076","https://openalex.org/W4391128812","https://openalex.org/W4391849041","https://openalex.org/W4391992749","https://openalex.org/W4393184572","https://openalex.org/W4396584612","https://openalex.org/W4396733265","https://openalex.org/W4397009211","https://openalex.org/W4402727675","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6844712807","https://openalex.org/W6868582632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W1983126463","https://openalex.org/W2085738998","https://openalex.org/W2139939267","https://openalex.org/W1974511032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small":[0],"object":[1,32,62,172,196],"detection,":[2],"especially":[3],"for":[4,194],"fast-moving":[5],"targets":[6],"like":[7],"small":[8,43,61,171,195],"aircrafts,":[9],"faces":[10],"significant":[11],"challenges":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,36,157],"limited":[15],"texture":[16],"information,":[17],"motion":[18],"blur,":[19],"and":[20,40,77,96,126,150,174,185],"complex":[21,199],"background":[22],"environments.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"study,":[26],"we":[27],"propose":[28],"YOLO-SAD,":[29,188],"a":[30,71,145,151,167,175,190],"novel":[31],"detection":[33,45,197],"framework":[34],"designed":[35],"enhance":[37],"the":[38,102,138,163,183],"accuracy":[39],"efficiency":[41,186],"of":[42,187],"aircraft":[44],"through":[46,70],"innovative":[47],"mechanisms.":[48],"YOLO-SAD":[49,143],"comprises":[50],"three":[51],"core":[52],"modules:":[53],"The":[54,80,112],"Cross-Scale":[55],"Attention":[56],"Kernel":[57],"Aggregation":[58,83],"Module":[59,117],"enhances":[60],"feature":[63,75],"representation":[64],"by":[65,105],"leveraging":[66],"complementary":[67],"channel":[68],"information":[69,95,133],"cross-attention":[72],"mechanism,":[73],"improving":[74,97],"fusion":[76],"context":[78],"enhancement;":[79],"Feature":[81,115],"Highway":[82],"Structure":[84],"seamlessly":[85],"integrates":[86],"features":[87],"from":[88],"different":[89],"network":[90],"levels":[91],"while":[92],"preserving":[93],"critical":[94],"gradient":[98],"flow":[99],"behavior":[100],"in":[101,148,154,170,178,198],"shallow":[103],"layers":[104],"utilizing":[106],"auxiliary":[107],"training":[108],"branches":[109],"during":[110],"training;":[111],"Mixed":[113],"Spectral":[114],"Compression":[116],"combines":[118],"multiple":[119],"downsampling":[120],"strategies,":[121],"introduces":[122],"multi-scale":[123],"contextual":[124],"factors,":[125],"retains":[127],"more":[128],"original":[129],"details,":[130],"effectively":[131],"reducing":[132],"loss.":[134],"Experimental":[135],"results":[136,181],"on":[137,162],"Det-Fly":[139],"dataset":[140,165],"show":[141],"that":[142],"achieves":[144],"3.9%":[146],"improvement":[147,169],"AP":[149,173],"3.0%":[152],"increase":[153],"recall":[155],"compared":[156],"YOLOv11L.":[158],"Additionally,":[159],"generalization":[160],"performance":[161,192],"VisDrone2019-DET":[164],"indicates":[166],"1.8%":[168],"14%":[176],"reduction":[177],"GFLOPS.":[179],"These":[180],"emphasize":[182],"robustness":[184],"establishing":[189],"new":[191],"benchmark":[193],"real-world":[200],"scenarios.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
