{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408941313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555495","title":"Machine Learning and Digital-Twins-Based Internet of Robotic Things for Remote Patient Monitoring","display_name":"Machine Learning and Digital-Twins-Based Internet of Robotic Things for Remote Patient Monitoring","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408941313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555495","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066869833","display_name":"Sehat Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1193-9350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sehat Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","Department of CS and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CS and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049207342","display_name":"Sangeen Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-7545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangeen Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","Department of CS and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-7545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CS and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009799905","display_name":"David Van\u011b\u010dek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8746-5235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Vanecek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078423955","display_name":"Inam Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6625-6680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inam Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066869833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97990199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"57141","last_page":"57165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6571999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6571999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.6287000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7048655152320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6024355292320251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4936109781265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.43612125515937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3629540205001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.33060014247894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3106382489204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25349557399749756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7048655152320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6024355292320251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4936109781265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43612125515937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3629540205001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.33060014247894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3106382489204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25349557399749756}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e80663ece631434d83b75690856def09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e80663ece631434d83b75690856def09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 57141-57165 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3555495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3555495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75889679","https://openalex.org/W2031500001","https://openalex.org/W2035341457","https://openalex.org/W2037588374","https://openalex.org/W2085191510","https://openalex.org/W2109293916","https://openalex.org/W2109453625","https://openalex.org/W2137485561","https://openalex.org/W2145561180","https://openalex.org/W2151040995","https://openalex.org/W2270945247","https://openalex.org/W2565281388","https://openalex.org/W2614894764","https://openalex.org/W2757110387","https://openalex.org/W2963470017","https://openalex.org/W2965511319","https://openalex.org/W2997655715","https://openalex.org/W3009294386","https://openalex.org/W3015461837","https://openalex.org/W3017210109","https://openalex.org/W3045939557","https://openalex.org/W3083530018","https://openalex.org/W3085338664","https://openalex.org/W3088384007","https://openalex.org/W3106297998","https://openalex.org/W3121452223","https://openalex.org/W3128402239","https://openalex.org/W3128805452","https://openalex.org/W3132804543","https://openalex.org/W3137711069","https://openalex.org/W3151989229","https://openalex.org/W3158650575","https://openalex.org/W3170657538","https://openalex.org/W3217570006","https://openalex.org/W4200150166","https://openalex.org/W4205998355","https://openalex.org/W4214610981","https://openalex.org/W4251114856","https://openalex.org/W4256049924","https://openalex.org/W4285077946","https://openalex.org/W4285257287","https://openalex.org/W4293811398","https://openalex.org/W4313201956","https://openalex.org/W4313646859","https://openalex.org/W4317632579","https://openalex.org/W4324144171","https://openalex.org/W4365801565","https://openalex.org/W4366128408","https://openalex.org/W4366988472","https://openalex.org/W4377044009","https://openalex.org/W4381789065","https://openalex.org/W4384913470","https://openalex.org/W4385556979","https://openalex.org/W4386432022","https://openalex.org/W4386453676","https://openalex.org/W4386825087","https://openalex.org/W4387569695","https://openalex.org/W4390511816","https://openalex.org/W4391450304","https://openalex.org/W4391572037","https://openalex.org/W4391812863","https://openalex.org/W4392158962","https://openalex.org/W4392242341","https://openalex.org/W4392800518","https://openalex.org/W4392966946","https://openalex.org/W4394629024","https://openalex.org/W4395063055","https://openalex.org/W4395957317","https://openalex.org/W4399717513","https://openalex.org/W4400448679","https://openalex.org/W4400762160","https://openalex.org/W4401495975","https://openalex.org/W4401897941","https://openalex.org/W4402374815","https://openalex.org/W4402389761","https://openalex.org/W4402509878","https://openalex.org/W4403325778","https://openalex.org/W4403689263","https://openalex.org/W4403982704","https://openalex.org/W4403982875","https://openalex.org/W4405088206","https://openalex.org/W4405102290","https://openalex.org/W6600554218","https://openalex.org/W6712514217","https://openalex.org/W6716433062","https://openalex.org/W6767636951","https://openalex.org/W6790844828","https://openalex.org/W6808393727","https://openalex.org/W6885086691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660","https://openalex.org/W4238100021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,50,140,189,223],"digital":[1],"twins":[2],"(DTs)":[3],"paradigm":[4],"creates":[5],"a":[6,10,19,33,197],"virtual":[7,20,34,154],"replica":[8],"of":[9,27,36,66,83,108,123,146],"physical":[11,38,160],"artifact":[12],"that":[13,40,58,212],"represents":[14],"its":[15],"real-world":[16,204],"status":[17,244],"in":[18,24,228],"space.":[21],"When":[22],"implemented":[23],"the":[25,37,64,121,153,159,167,185,213,218,229,237],"Internet":[26],"Robotic":[28],"Things":[29],"(IoRT),":[30],"it":[31],"develops":[32],"model":[35],"robot":[39],"receives":[41],"real-time":[42],"sensor":[43,84],"data,":[44,85],"acting":[45],"like":[46],"an":[47,144],"actual":[48],"robot.":[49],"DTs-based":[51,126],"IoRT":[52,127],"allows":[53],"remote":[54],"patient":[55,234],"monitoring":[56],"(RPM)":[57],"improves":[59],"treatment":[60],"plans":[61],"and":[62,110,125,135,170,193,203,236],"reduces":[63],"burden":[65],"gathering":[67],"vital":[68],"signs":[69],"on":[70,98],"health":[71,92,99,116,176],"carers":[72,93],"by":[73,195,207],"automating":[74],"repeated":[75],"tasks.":[76],"However,":[77],"RPM":[78],"procedures":[79],"generate":[80],"large":[81],"amounts":[82,107],"which":[86],"are":[87],"difficult":[88],"to":[89,113,128,157,174,183,232],"examine.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"cannot":[94],"forecast":[95],"abnormalities":[96],"based":[97],"data.":[100],"Machine":[101],"Learning":[102],"(ML)":[103],"can":[104],"analyze":[105],"massive":[106],"data":[109,165,205,235],"perceive":[111],"patterns":[112],"anticipate":[114],"anomalous":[115],"conditions.":[117],"This":[118],"research":[119],"leverages":[120],"advantages":[122],"ML":[124,172,181],"remotely":[129],"monitor":[130],"chronic":[131],"or":[132],"infectious":[133],"patients":[134],"predict":[136,175],"their":[137],"future":[138],"status.":[139],"proposed":[141],"system":[142,224],"is":[143],"extension":[145],"our":[147],"previously":[148],"published":[149],"work.":[150],"It":[151,178],"uses":[152],"twin":[155,161],"(VT)":[156],"navigate":[158],"(PT)":[162],"for":[163,243],"collecting":[164],"from":[166],"patient-mounted":[168],"sensors":[169],"applies":[171],"techniques":[173],"anomalies.":[177],"evaluated":[179],"six":[180],"algorithms":[182],"determine":[184],"most":[186],"accurate":[187],"model.":[188],"models":[190],"were":[191],"trained":[192],"tested":[194,227],"using":[196],"dataset":[198],"combining":[199],"two":[200],"public":[201],"datasets":[202],"collected":[206],"healthcare":[208],"providers.":[209],"Results":[210],"confirmed":[211],"K":[214],"Nearest-Neighbor":[215],"(KNN)":[216,240],"has":[217],"best":[219],"accuracy":[220],"i.e.":[221],"97%.":[222],"was":[225,241],"also":[226],"clinical":[230],"setting":[231],"collect":[233],"best-performing":[238],"algorithm":[239],"used":[242],"prediction,":[245],"obtaining":[246],"98%":[247],"accuracy.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}