{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408710059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3553797","title":"A Somatotype Classification Approach Based on Generative AI and Frontal Images of Individuals","display_name":"A Somatotype Classification Approach Based on Generative AI and Frontal Images of Individuals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408710059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3553797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3553797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3553797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3553797","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043106692","display_name":"Antonio Ricardo Alexandre Brasil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-0932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio R. A. Brasil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp&#x00ED;rito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil","Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-0932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp&#x00ED;rito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080565629","display_name":"Fabian Tadeu do Amaral","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian T. Amaral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp&#x00ED;rito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil","Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7517-4932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp&#x00ED;rito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L\u00edcia Cristina de Lima Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-3231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144357","display_name":"Universidade Vila Velha","ror":"https://ror.org/04r8gaf17","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144357"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L\u00edcia Cristina de Lima Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil","Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-3231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144357"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025083141","display_name":"Girl\u00e2ndia Alexandre Brasil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-7141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144357","display_name":"Universidade Vila Velha","ror":"https://ror.org/04r8gaf17","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144357"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girlandia A. Brasil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil","Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-7141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144357"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084947537","display_name":"Klaus Fabian C\u00f4co","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-0693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus F. C\u00f4co","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp&#x00ED;rito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil","Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-0693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp&#x00ED;rito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028089630","display_name":"Patrick Marques Ciarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-4028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Marques Ciarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp&#x00ED;rito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil","Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-4028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp&#x00ED;rito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043106692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.2389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89948827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"52939","last_page":"52948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14512","display_name":"Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health","score":0.6225000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14512","display_name":"Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health","score":0.6225000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6560854911804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6362524628639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.619184136390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.51650470495224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.42962753772735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19243142008781433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6560854911804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6362524628639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.619184136390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.51650470495224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.42962753772735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19243142008781433}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3553797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3553797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d1350f031f4d42c8840c5b0da2652537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d1350f031f4d42c8840c5b0da2652537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 52939-52948 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3553797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3553797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084396195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ROR 00x0ma614","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1084518443","https://openalex.org/W2040370577","https://openalex.org/W2727743511","https://openalex.org/W2942231644","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2984146493","https://openalex.org/W3035358681","https://openalex.org/W3096753038","https://openalex.org/W3157355763","https://openalex.org/W4220892359","https://openalex.org/W4221016184","https://openalex.org/W4281740124","https://openalex.org/W4385452929","https://openalex.org/W4386225481","https://openalex.org/W4388994228","https://openalex.org/W4389213115","https://openalex.org/W4390190253","https://openalex.org/W4390426502","https://openalex.org/W4391215636","https://openalex.org/W4393026577","https://openalex.org/W4394828356","https://openalex.org/W4396685186","https://openalex.org/W4399879483","https://openalex.org/W4400010197","https://openalex.org/W4401143094","https://openalex.org/W4401386758","https://openalex.org/W4401752707","https://openalex.org/W4403350539","https://openalex.org/W4403600666","https://openalex.org/W4404543864","https://openalex.org/W4406779522","https://openalex.org/W6630216432","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6642729499","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6773815586","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6809041731","https://openalex.org/W6810081322","https://openalex.org/W6849941170","https://openalex.org/W6850625674","https://openalex.org/W6851775633","https://openalex.org/W6853444283","https://openalex.org/W6856794988","https://openalex.org/W6860041859","https://openalex.org/W6861482029","https://openalex.org/W6862433363","https://openalex.org/W6869308869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2380075625","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W2546503577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Somatotype":[0],"is":[1,15,47],"a":[2,70,163],"definition":[3],"that":[4,74,128,174],"classifies":[5],"human":[6,40,65],"bodies":[7],"according":[8],"to":[9,189],"their":[10],"shape,":[11],"and":[12,19,45,69,93,113,122,167,196],"its":[13,29],"determination":[14],"crucial":[16],"for":[17,28,89,101,139],"evaluating":[18],"improving":[20],"athletic":[21],"performance.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,39,60,76,90,140,145,149,153,156,202],"traditional":[25],"method":[26],"used":[27],"estimation":[30],"has":[31],"some":[32],"limitations:":[33],"measurements":[34,119],"are":[35,43,54,194],"directly":[36],"collected":[37,106],"from":[38,107],"body,":[41],"specialists":[42],"required,":[44],"it":[46],"time-consuming.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"two":[52],"approaches":[53],"evaluated:":[55],"GPT-4\u2019s":[56],"performance":[57],"in":[58,136,152,184,201],"classifying":[59],"predominant":[61],"somatotype":[62,137,186],"using":[63,85,206],"only":[64,207],"body":[66],"frontal":[67,150],"images,":[68,84],"proposed":[71],"multimodal":[72,154,176],"architecture":[73],"combines":[75],"textual":[77,91,146],"descriptions":[78,147],"provided":[79],"by":[80],"GPT-4":[81,129,190],"with":[82,98,116,148,162,179],"these":[83],"pre-trained":[86,94],"MiniLM":[87],"models":[88,178],"information":[92],"Vision":[95],"Transformer":[96],"(ViT)":[97],"transfer":[99],"learning":[100,181],"images.":[102,209],"Frontal":[103],"images":[104,151],"were":[105],"50":[108],"volunteers":[109],"aged":[110],"between":[111],"18":[112],"65":[114],"years,":[115],"10":[117],"anthropometric":[118],"following":[120],"Heath":[121],"Carter":[123],"protocol.":[124],"The":[125,192],"results":[126,172,193],"show":[127],"achieved":[130],"an":[131],"average":[132,157],"accuracy":[133,158,183],"of":[134,160,165,169,204],"78%":[135],"classification":[138,187,203],"first":[141],"approach.":[142],"By":[143],"combining":[144,175],"model,":[155],"was":[159],"97%,":[161],"precision":[164],"94%":[166],"recall":[168],"89%.":[170],"These":[171],"indicate":[173],"language":[177],"deep":[180],"improved":[182],"automatic":[185],"compared":[188],"classification.":[191],"promising":[195],"open":[197],"up":[198],"new":[199],"possibilities":[200],"somatotypes":[205],"digital":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
