{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408564222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552485","title":"UAV-Assisted IRS System With Energy Harvesting: Enhanced Reliability in Critical Scenarios for 5G/6G Wireless Communication","display_name":"UAV-Assisted IRS System With Energy Harvesting: Enhanced Reliability in Critical Scenarios for 5G/6G Wireless Communication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408564222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3552485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552485","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086326444","display_name":"Pankaj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2824-0551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pankaj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","Pankaj Kumar and Santhosha Kamath with the Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2824-0551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pankaj Kumar and Santhosha Kamath with the Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077022199","display_name":"Santhosh Kamath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-1727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santhosha Kamath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","Pankaj Kumar and Santhosha Kamath with the Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-1727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pankaj Kumar and Santhosha Kamath with the Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005391403","display_name":"Sam Darshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-0270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119241673","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Ropar","ror":"https://ror.org/02qkhhn56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Darshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India","Sam Darshi with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-0270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sam Darshi with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088072867","display_name":"Jen\u2010Yi Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-5996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jen-Yi Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan","Jen-Yi Pan and Muhammad Iqbal with Department of Communication Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan (R.O.C)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-5996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jen-Yi Pan and Muhammad Iqbal with Department of Communication Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan (R.O.C)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1603-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan","Jen-Yi Pan and Muhammad Iqbal with Department of Communication Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan (R.O.C)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1603-0899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jen-Yi Pan and Muhammad Iqbal with Department of Communication Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan (R.O.C)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077431455","display_name":"Samar Shailendra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802584246","display_name":"Melbourne School of Theology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kdkdw55","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802584246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100297","display_name":"Institute for Telecommunication Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00mj5bc69","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210100297","https://openalex.org/I4387155216"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samar Shailendra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication and Networking, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia","Samar Shailendra with Department of telecommunication and networking, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication and Networking, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100297"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samar Shailendra with Department of telecommunication and networking, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802584246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016583414","display_name":"Vijay Mohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1457-2651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","Vijay Mohan with the Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1457-2651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vijay Mohan with the Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85533934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"53356","last_page":"53365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7239710688591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7093476057052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6719685792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6336848139762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.447085440158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3993638753890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2968425452709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24360856413841248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7239710688591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7093476057052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6719685792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6336848139762878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.447085440158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3993638753890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2968425452709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24360856413841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3552485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e2bd7d02a65493d8ccada62207e9094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e2bd7d02a65493d8ccada62207e9094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 53356-53365 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3552485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161850939","https://openalex.org/W2949144570","https://openalex.org/W3000378944","https://openalex.org/W3000522337","https://openalex.org/W3112444288","https://openalex.org/W3120987407","https://openalex.org/W3133505491","https://openalex.org/W3135305460","https://openalex.org/W3179753024","https://openalex.org/W3199601978","https://openalex.org/W3206518837","https://openalex.org/W4220691471","https://openalex.org/W4220872551","https://openalex.org/W4225725427","https://openalex.org/W4225817403","https://openalex.org/W4226087734","https://openalex.org/W4226368532","https://openalex.org/W4285142853","https://openalex.org/W4367359512","https://openalex.org/W4378805062","https://openalex.org/W4389076523","https://openalex.org/W4391164045","https://openalex.org/W4391235279","https://openalex.org/W4391696956","https://openalex.org/W4392207700","https://openalex.org/W4394586120","https://openalex.org/W4396878023","https://openalex.org/W4396982206","https://openalex.org/W4400071770","https://openalex.org/W4400351751","https://openalex.org/W4404035450","https://openalex.org/W6778877114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898145991","https://openalex.org/W2903121411","https://openalex.org/W2805827740","https://openalex.org/W4378365432","https://openalex.org/W4253687361","https://openalex.org/W2913922281","https://openalex.org/W2566010174","https://openalex.org/W1908935147","https://openalex.org/W3018308121","https://openalex.org/W1966708639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,23],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,115],"UAV-assisted":[4],"intelligent":[5],"reflecting":[6],"surface":[7],"(IRS)":[8],"system":[9],"for":[10,28,82,106,118],"improving":[11],"the":[12,45,50,54,66,73,83,86,104,119,138,143],"network":[13],"performance":[14],"between":[15],"ground-to-ground":[16],"(G2G)":[17],"users":[18],"in":[19,31,40],"5G/6G":[20],"wireless":[21],"communication.":[22],"work":[24,139],"may":[25],"be":[26],"applicable":[27],"packet":[29],"delivery":[30],"bustling":[32],"urban":[33],"areas,":[34],"especially":[35],"where":[36,65],"G2G":[37],"links":[38],"are":[39,132],"deep":[41],"fade.":[42],"For":[43],"energizing":[44],"IRS":[46],"elements":[47],"and":[48,94,109,137],"controlling":[49],"processing":[51],"units":[52],"of":[53,114],"UAV,":[55,64],"radio-frequency":[56],"(RF)-based":[57],"energy":[58],"harvesting":[59],"(EH)":[60],"is":[61,140],"proposed":[62,120],"at":[63],"dynamic":[67],"power":[68],"splitting":[69],"factor":[70],"depends":[71],"on":[72],"height-dependent":[74,87,95],"Nakagami-m":[75,88,124],"shaping":[76],"parameter":[77],"(m).":[78],"The":[79,129],"mathematical":[80],"framework":[81],"proposal":[84],"includes":[85],"fading":[89,93],"to":[90,98],"represent":[91],"small-scale":[92],"path-loss":[96],"exponent":[97],"model":[99],"large-scale":[100],"fading.":[101],"We":[102],"develop":[103],"expression":[105,113],"spectral":[107],"efficiency":[108],"derive":[110],"a":[111],"closed-form":[112],"outage":[116],"probability":[117],"scenario":[121],"by":[122],"considering":[123],"channel":[125],"among":[126],"A2G":[127],"links.":[128],"analytical":[130],"results":[131],"validated":[133],"with":[134,142],"simulation":[135],"results,":[136],"compared":[141],"existing":[144],"state-of-the-art.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
