{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408859781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552127","title":"Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Earthquake and Explosion Classification","display_name":"Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Earthquake and Explosion Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408859781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3552127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552127","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038168152","display_name":"Ming-Quan Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingquan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0095-5381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101776175","display_name":"Hongcai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-3446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongcai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021432692","display_name":"Lihua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-4059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008121713","display_name":"Jialiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6958-5421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lijin Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijin Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101652266","display_name":"Lujun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7304-6152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106171","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/01rfam919","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106171"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lujun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earthquake Administration of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earthquake Administration of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tengchao Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengchao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earthquake Administration of Shandong Province, China Earthquake Administration, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earthquake Administration of Shandong Province, China Earthquake Administration, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101515213","display_name":"Jinlin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0253-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I354108","display_name":"Minjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s7tkw17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I354108"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinling Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China","Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I354108"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I354108"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067841153","display_name":"Lihua Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-4406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administratio, Beijing, China","Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-4406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administratio, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.376,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97116469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"56144","last_page":"56159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9305999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7775593996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6520838737487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4951614439487457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44841140508651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.4339158833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4189724624156952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41441646218299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3439881205558777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7775593996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6520838737487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4951614439487457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44841140508651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.4339158833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4189724624156952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41441646218299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3439881205558777}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3552127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d766d21df17f4006836a01163cba7713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d766d21df17f4006836a01163cba7713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 56144-56159 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3552127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3552127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2673019330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Q202302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326553","funder_display_name":"China Earthquake Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8904850687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023Y0060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325440","funder_display_name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325440","display_name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/03whqdf70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326553","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115472805","https://openalex.org/W2161049477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2320561697","https://openalex.org/W2528539033","https://openalex.org/W2581441130","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2659903648","https://openalex.org/W2794417179","https://openalex.org/W2916207943","https://openalex.org/W2922821838","https://openalex.org/W2988288881","https://openalex.org/W2994772960","https://openalex.org/W3011256841","https://openalex.org/W3082024589","https://openalex.org/W3084798277","https://openalex.org/W3092379165","https://openalex.org/W3127361107","https://openalex.org/W3173499146","https://openalex.org/W3174073283","https://openalex.org/W3214305250","https://openalex.org/W4200099139","https://openalex.org/W4247513883","https://openalex.org/W4283587137","https://openalex.org/W4296260798","https://openalex.org/W4308886964","https://openalex.org/W4309831865","https://openalex.org/W4387643335","https://openalex.org/W4389843208","https://openalex.org/W4392576270","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6862320468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W4377865163","https://openalex.org/W3193857078","https://openalex.org/W2888956734","https://openalex.org/W3000197790","https://openalex.org/W4315865067","https://openalex.org/W3208304128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"classification":[1,75],"of":[2,30,44,62],"seismic":[3,15,45,64,68,78,93,121],"events":[4,65,79,94,171,222],"is":[5,80],"essential":[6],"to":[7,115,148],"prevent":[8],"confusion":[9],"in":[10,24,172,174,204,208,219],"catalogs,":[11],"which":[12],"can":[13],"distort":[14],"statistics":[16],"and":[17,27,48,57,85,95,111,137,142,184,194,206],"hazard":[18],"analyses.":[19],"Monitoring":[20],"small-scale":[21],"explosions":[22],"aids":[23],"safety":[25,84],"supervision":[26],"the":[28,42,60,100,150,155,176],"detection":[29],"illegal":[31],"mining,":[32,54],"while":[33],"rapid":[34],"event":[35,122],"identification":[36],"facilitates":[37],"timely":[38],"emergency":[39],"responses.":[40],"With":[41],"proliferation":[43],"monitoring":[46],"stations":[47,183],"increased":[49],"human":[50],"activities":[51],"such":[52,130],"as":[53,131],"tunnel":[55],"construction,":[56],"island":[58],"development,":[59],"number":[61],"non-natural":[63],"recorded":[66],"by":[67,154,181,186],"networks":[69,159],"has":[70],"surged.":[71],"Therefore,":[72],"developing":[73],"automatic":[74],"methods":[76],"for":[77,82,120],"vital":[81],"enhancing":[83],"disaster":[86],"prevention":[87],"efforts.":[88],"This":[89,210],"study":[90,211],"utilized":[91],"28,421":[92],"172,214":[96],"waveform":[97],"data":[98],"from":[99,223],"Fujian":[101,173],"Seismic":[102],"Network":[103],"(2010-2022).":[104],"Three":[105],"neural":[106,215],"network":[107,187],"models,":[108],"VGG,":[109],"AlexNet,":[110],"ResNet,":[112],"were":[113],"used":[114],"develop":[116],"a":[117],"deep-learning":[118],"model":[119,128,177],"classification.":[123],"We":[124],"analyzed":[125],"factors":[126],"influencing":[127],"accuracy,":[129,163],"signal-to-noise":[132],"ratio,":[133],"epicentral":[134],"distance,":[135],"magnitude,":[136],"source":[138],"depth.":[139],"The":[140],"Grad-CAM":[141],"Activation":[143],"Maximization":[144],"method":[145],"was":[146,192,197],"employed":[147],"identify":[149],"primary":[151],"features":[152],"learned":[153],"models.":[156],"All":[157],"three":[158],"achieved":[160,178],"over":[161],"95%":[162],"with":[164,226],"VGG":[165],"reaching":[166],"97%.":[167],"In":[168],"classifying":[169,220],"earthquake":[170,190,221],"2023,":[175],"94.9%":[179],"accuracy":[180,203,218],"individual":[182],"98.8%":[185],"average.":[188],"Natural":[189],"recall":[191,196],"94.1%,":[193],"explosion":[195],"95%.":[198],"Generalization":[199],"tests":[200],"showed":[201],"85.9%":[202],"Shandong":[205],"87.9%":[207],"Utah.":[209],"demonstrates":[212],"deep":[213],"convolutional":[214],"networks\u2019":[216],"high":[217],"raw":[224],"waveforms,":[225],"good":[227],"generalization":[228],"capabilities.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
