{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408399631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3551071","title":"A Differential Coupled-Line-Based Active Microwave Sensor System for Retrieving Real Permittivity of Binary Aqueous Solution","display_name":"A Differential Coupled-Line-Based Active Microwave Sensor System for Retrieving Real Permittivity of Binary Aqueous Solution","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408399631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3551071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3551071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3551071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3551071","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103933263","display_name":"Lina Shang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2008-686X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323050","display_name":"Guang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5732-2584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016720691","display_name":"Wen\u2010Jing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3966-3966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Jing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3966-3966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060771525","display_name":"Wen\u2010Sheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-5776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Sheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","MOE Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-5776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.3782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91970409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"50188","last_page":"50200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.8475000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.8475000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.8191999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.7685999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.6247640252113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.6055605411529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5828701853752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48428624868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-solution","display_name":"Aqueous solution","score":0.47727006673812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4695233404636383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41782858967781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.41054001450538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3719913363456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.3081172704696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15838193893432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12558326125144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.115332692861557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11299300193786621}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.6247640252113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6055605411529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5828701853752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48428624868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.47727006673812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4695233404636383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41782858967781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.41054001450538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3719913363456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.3081172704696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15838193893432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12558326125144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.115332692861557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11299300193786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3551071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3551071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71186bbe281444b38da6f04f559bb989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71186bbe281444b38da6f04f559bb989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 50188-50200 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3551071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3551071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2590409249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4969913152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005296435","https://openalex.org/W2060806551","https://openalex.org/W2117830442","https://openalex.org/W2132826978","https://openalex.org/W2554984571","https://openalex.org/W2608488100","https://openalex.org/W2620828207","https://openalex.org/W2895018648","https://openalex.org/W2907147781","https://openalex.org/W2940573787","https://openalex.org/W2947749086","https://openalex.org/W2969463398","https://openalex.org/W2973810229","https://openalex.org/W2985894324","https://openalex.org/W3006601325","https://openalex.org/W3037850654","https://openalex.org/W3089195159","https://openalex.org/W3093737707","https://openalex.org/W3108374306","https://openalex.org/W3108648795","https://openalex.org/W3135882355","https://openalex.org/W3153188651","https://openalex.org/W3191298234","https://openalex.org/W3194042957","https://openalex.org/W3196848276","https://openalex.org/W3200470818","https://openalex.org/W3201506020","https://openalex.org/W3209843187","https://openalex.org/W4226133198","https://openalex.org/W4286839573","https://openalex.org/W4292387268","https://openalex.org/W4292965798","https://openalex.org/W4312453309","https://openalex.org/W4312600285","https://openalex.org/W4313040455","https://openalex.org/W4315631899","https://openalex.org/W4323892075","https://openalex.org/W4366957202","https://openalex.org/W4367359642","https://openalex.org/W4383818654","https://openalex.org/W4384284260","https://openalex.org/W4385338662","https://openalex.org/W4386472825","https://openalex.org/W4386869750","https://openalex.org/W4387717442","https://openalex.org/W4388819607","https://openalex.org/W4390489102","https://openalex.org/W4392719487","https://openalex.org/W4393241316","https://openalex.org/W4394698876","https://openalex.org/W4399110340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053668343","https://openalex.org/W2076353393","https://openalex.org/W2362940819","https://openalex.org/W2068858291","https://openalex.org/W2086745820","https://openalex.org/W1997532743","https://openalex.org/W2158156095","https://openalex.org/W2087970663","https://openalex.org/W1908385343","https://openalex.org/W1129759607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"active":[1,182,257],"microwave":[2,183,226,236,258],"sensor":[3,15,237,259],"system,":[4],"which":[5],"is":[6,12,37,51,72,93,105,139,244],"based":[7],"on":[8],"a":[9,17,135,143,151,174,199,218,264],"differential":[10,18,144,160,212,256],"coupled-line,":[11,19,102],"proposed.":[13],"The":[14,25,44,90,158],"comprises":[16],"as":[20,22,150,192,263],"well":[21],"RF":[23,214,232],"circuits.":[24],"coupled-line":[26,42,50,69,116,138],"with":[27,85,124,146],"through":[28],"and":[29,33,60,103,112,153,166,179,195,251],"isolation":[30],"ports":[31],"short-circuited,":[32],"coupling":[34],"port":[35],"open-circuited,":[36],"used":[38,149],"to":[39,53,63,74,87,95,141,234],"design":[40],"the":[41,65,76,81,97,108,119,125,132,154,171,188,196,206,209,240,254],"sensor.":[43],"phase":[45],"of":[46,49,57,68,101,115,128,137,222],"reflection":[47],"coefficient":[48],"utilized":[52],"extract":[54],"real":[55,88],"permittivity":[56],"liquid":[58,268],"sample,":[59],"in":[61],"order":[62],"realize":[64],"maximum":[66,82],"sensitivity":[67,120,243,250],"sensor,":[70,145],"it":[71,104],"necessary":[73],"obtain":[75,96],"optimal":[77,98,133],"condition":[78],"for":[79,110,156,173,267],"achieving":[80],"phase-variation":[83],"rate":[84],"respect":[86],"permittivity.":[89],"mathematical":[91],"analysis":[92],"conducted":[94],"geometrical":[99],"parameters":[100],"inferred":[106],"that":[107],"values":[109],"odd-":[111],"even-mode":[113],"impedances":[114],"are":[117,185,228],"smaller,":[118],"would":[121],"be":[122],"higher":[123],"electrical":[126],"length":[127],"90\u00b0.":[129],"After":[130],"determining":[131],"parameters,":[134],"pair":[136],"mirrored":[140],"produce":[142],"one":[147],"line":[148],"reference":[152],"other":[155],"testing.":[157],"employed":[159],"structure":[161],"can":[162,216],"mitigate":[163],"external":[164],"interference":[165],"boost":[167],"sensitivity.":[168],"To":[169],"eliminate":[170],"need":[172],"vector":[175],"network":[176],"analyzer":[177],"(VNA)":[178],"reduce":[180],"costs,":[181],"circuits":[184,227],"incorporated.":[186],"With":[187],"coupled":[189],"lines":[190],"functioning":[191],"load":[193],"networks":[194],"PHEMT":[197],"ATF34143,":[198],"pseudomorphic":[200],"high":[201,249],"electron":[202],"mobility":[203],"transistor,":[204],"providing":[205],"negative":[207],"impedance,":[208],"proposed":[210,255],"unloaded":[211],"reflective":[213,231],"oscillator":[215,233],"attain":[217],"stable":[219],"oscillation":[220],"frequency":[221],"1962.66":[223],"MHz.":[224],"Some":[225],"added":[229],"into":[230],"form":[235],"system.":[238],"Notably,":[239],"measured":[241],"average":[242],"about":[245],"5.7%.":[246],"Characterized":[247],"by":[248],"low":[252],"cost,":[253],"system":[260],"stands":[261],"out":[262],"promising":[265],"candidate":[266],"sample":[269],"characterization.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
