{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408357866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3550338","title":"Nation\u2019s Defense: A Comprehensive Review of Anti-Drone Systems and Strategies","display_name":"Nation\u2019s Defense: A Comprehensive Review of Anti-Drone Systems and Strategies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408357866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3550338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3550338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3550338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3550338","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066023329","display_name":"Dharmendra Chauhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-970X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33459947","display_name":"Charotar University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0442pkv24","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dharmendra Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-970X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116595114","display_name":"Harshil Kagathara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33459947","display_name":"Charotar University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0442pkv24","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshil Kagathara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026337741","display_name":"Hiren Mewada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138564716","display_name":"Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiren Mewada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073876826","display_name":"Sagarkumar Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4240-6730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33459947","display_name":"Charotar University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0442pkv24","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagar Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046308655","display_name":"Sagar Kavaiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-8610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33459947","display_name":"Charotar University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0442pkv24","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagar Kavaiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smt. Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Applications, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India","Smt. Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Applications, Charotar University of Science and Technology, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-8610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smt. Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Applications, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smt. Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Applications, Charotar University of Science and Technology, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33459947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045364683","display_name":"Gordana Barb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4016-4830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordana Barb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications, Politehnica University of Timi&#x015F;oara, Timi&#x015F;oara, Romania","Department of Communications, Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politehnica University Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4016-4830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications, Politehnica University of Timi&#x015F;oara, Timi&#x015F;oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications, Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politehnica University Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":50.9129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99878629,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"53476","last_page":"53505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.8937000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.8937000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.78180992603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6076352000236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3695254623889923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13715174794197083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.78180992603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6076352000236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3695254623889923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13715174794197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3550338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3550338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee522669e2f94564bca53097a67c42f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee522669e2f94564bca53097a67c42f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 53476-53505 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3550338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3550338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583921616","https://openalex.org/W1944487492","https://openalex.org/W1970337820","https://openalex.org/W2061431774","https://openalex.org/W2109335081","https://openalex.org/W2139747141","https://openalex.org/W2171683886","https://openalex.org/W2218272356","https://openalex.org/W2290026061","https://openalex.org/W2334883823","https://openalex.org/W2463633928","https://openalex.org/W2520146394","https://openalex.org/W2527386436","https://openalex.org/W2566527471","https://openalex.org/W2584343393","https://openalex.org/W2586961018","https://openalex.org/W2609517828","https://openalex.org/W2610163349","https://openalex.org/W2735338899","https://openalex.org/W2796789676","https://openalex.org/W2797821788","https://openalex.org/W2813832714","https://openalex.org/W2889496951","https://openalex.org/W2901871277","https://openalex.org/W2954984627","https://openalex.org/W2962751492","https://openalex.org/W2963513677","https://openalex.org/W2972713838","https://openalex.org/W2978919252","https://openalex.org/W2986358680","https://openalex.org/W2987093331","https://openalex.org/W2994635693","https://openalex.org/W3013310826","https://openalex.org/W3017448888","https://openalex.org/W3018575808","https://openalex.org/W3018934956","https://openalex.org/W3024030061","https://openalex.org/W3040634932","https://openalex.org/W3049632100","https://openalex.org/W3081836501","https://openalex.org/W3081923410","https://openalex.org/W3086645455","https://openalex.org/W3098542072","https://openalex.org/W3129484165","https://openalex.org/W3134813616","https://openalex.org/W3136561353","https://openalex.org/W3153626497","https://openalex.org/W3155130152","https://openalex.org/W3157894430","https://openalex.org/W3159440488","https://openalex.org/W3168093942","https://openalex.org/W3169942094","https://openalex.org/W3171137753","https://openalex.org/W3183524393","https://openalex.org/W3197146718","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W3208175814","https://openalex.org/W3212314116","https://openalex.org/W3214530516","https://openalex.org/W4205960603","https://openalex.org/W4281261549","https://openalex.org/W4290996531","https://openalex.org/W4291165398","https://openalex.org/W4293499257","https://openalex.org/W4353052220","https://openalex.org/W4375934760","https://openalex.org/W4382581892","https://openalex.org/W4383898228","https://openalex.org/W4385423519","https://openalex.org/W4385805101","https://openalex.org/W4386422724","https://openalex.org/W4387824644","https://openalex.org/W4391249123","https://openalex.org/W4391683167","https://openalex.org/W4391917651","https://openalex.org/W4396639332","https://openalex.org/W4396929807","https://openalex.org/W4399241247","https://openalex.org/W4399344493","https://openalex.org/W4399891154","https://openalex.org/W4400282488","https://openalex.org/W4403487593","https://openalex.org/W4403503618","https://openalex.org/W4405143887","https://openalex.org/W4405235076","https://openalex.org/W4405850435","https://openalex.org/W4407790081","https://openalex.org/W6748242530","https://openalex.org/W6873280224","https://openalex.org/W6981015140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70],"rapid":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,18,29,39,49,59,75,85,99,115],"drone":[4,94,116],"technology":[5],"has":[6,31],"revolutionized":[7],"both":[8],"the":[9,27,37,57,65,73,91,97,113,156],"civilian":[10,109],"and":[11,52,64,81,96,108,121,132,143,153],"military":[12,107],"sectors,":[13],"enabling":[14],"a":[15,46],"wide":[16],"range":[17],"applications,":[19],"from":[20],"commercial":[21],"deliveries":[22],"to":[23,148],"battlefield":[24],"reconnaissance.":[25],"However,":[26],"misuse":[28,117],"drones":[30],"introduced":[32],"significant":[33],"security":[34,120],"threats,":[35],"necessitating":[36],"development":[38],"robust":[40],"anti-drone":[41,50,76,100,145],"systems.":[42],"This":[43,124],"paper":[44],"provides":[45],"comprehensive":[47],"review":[48,104],"technologies":[51],"defense":[53,110,128],"strategies.":[54],"It":[55,88],"explores":[56],"rise":[58],"drones,":[60],"their":[61],"dual-use":[62],"potential,":[63],"growing":[66],"need":[67],"for":[68,141],"countermeasures.":[69],"study":[71,125],"examines":[72],"evolution":[74],"technologies,":[77,146],"classifies":[78],"existing":[79],"systems,":[80],"analyzes":[82],"case":[83],"studies":[84],"drone-related":[86],"incidents.":[87],"also":[89],"highlights":[90],"correlation":[92],"between":[93,106],"threats":[95],"use":[98],"solutions.":[101],"Furthermore,":[102],"this":[103],"differentiates":[105],"frameworks,":[111],"emphasizing":[112],"impact":[114],"on":[118],"national":[119,164],"public":[122],"safety.":[123],"discusses":[126],"current":[127],"strategies,":[129],"technological":[130],"challenges,":[131],"complex":[133],"regulatory":[134],"landscapes.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"it":[137],"outlines":[138],"future":[139],"directions":[140],"developing":[142],"deploying":[144],"aiming":[147],"raise":[149],"awareness":[150],"among":[151],"policymakers":[152],"technologists":[154],"about":[155],"critical":[157],"role":[158],"that":[159],"these":[160],"systems":[161],"play":[162],"in":[163],"defense.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
