{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408235531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3549146","title":"Improve LADRC Strategy for Variable Air Gap Permanent Magnetic Levitation System","display_name":"Improve LADRC Strategy for Variable Air Gap Permanent Magnetic Levitation System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408235531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3549146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3549146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3549146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3549146","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066308755","display_name":"Hongkui Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongkui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071699793","display_name":"Qinwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-6477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006570134","display_name":"Hang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-2787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018869456","display_name":"Yipeng Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-4340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yipeng Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101692312","display_name":"Jiaqi Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4520-4395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107738","display_name":"CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01b38s834","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107738"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun, China","CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun, CO, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun, CO, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005454299","display_name":"Chuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6879-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066308755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88488191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"61641","last_page":"61650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9438999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12976","display_name":"Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects","score":0.902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-levitation","display_name":"Magnetic levitation","score":0.8337513208389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levitation","display_name":"Levitation","score":0.6726754903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-gap","display_name":"Air gap (plumbing)","score":0.5969520211219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrodynamic-suspension","display_name":"Electrodynamic suspension","score":0.5447658896446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-stabilized-magnetic-levitation","display_name":"Spin-stabilized magnetic levitation","score":0.48878762125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.43946096301078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34830909967422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32622575759887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.32221806049346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31199055910110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.29966628551483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.2903972268104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22997960448265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-energy","display_name":"Magnetic energy","score":0.13484254479408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11768916249275208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetization","display_name":"Magnetization","score":0.09982502460479736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206736587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061251","display_name":"Magnetic levitation","level":3,"score":0.8337513208389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27838914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740997","display_name":"Levitation","level":3,"score":0.6726754903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50587689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698328","display_name":"Air gap (plumbing)","level":2,"score":0.5969520211219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123844309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358002","display_name":"Electrodynamic suspension","level":5,"score":0.5447658896446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162894644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105986","display_name":"Spin-stabilized magnetic levitation","level":5,"score":0.48878762125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43946096301078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34830909967422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32622575759887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.32221806049346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31199055910110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29966628551483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.2903972268104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22997960448265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162565982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3725254","display_name":"Magnetic energy","level":4,"score":0.13484254479408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11768916249275208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.09982502460479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3549146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3549146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:282793a17a5a452da7048a38db8c4d25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/282793a17a5a452da7048a38db8c4d25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 61641-61650 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3549146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3549146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099054986","https://openalex.org/W2135493101","https://openalex.org/W2822945147","https://openalex.org/W2991619925","https://openalex.org/W3135169147","https://openalex.org/W3191630172","https://openalex.org/W3197643126","https://openalex.org/W3199011789","https://openalex.org/W3206590189","https://openalex.org/W3216679975","https://openalex.org/W4205532536","https://openalex.org/W4288062444","https://openalex.org/W4293456850","https://openalex.org/W4308479983","https://openalex.org/W4318986030","https://openalex.org/W4323338486","https://openalex.org/W4361010133","https://openalex.org/W4381249373","https://openalex.org/W4388044420","https://openalex.org/W4388090903","https://openalex.org/W4388494010","https://openalex.org/W4391528361","https://openalex.org/W4393948478","https://openalex.org/W4396753613","https://openalex.org/W4396909810","https://openalex.org/W4404511076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318294425","https://openalex.org/W2531483689","https://openalex.org/W2041773681","https://openalex.org/W2132406900","https://openalex.org/W4210886993","https://openalex.org/W4313403480","https://openalex.org/W2138863771","https://openalex.org/W2315690033","https://openalex.org/W2067002119","https://openalex.org/W2153005096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"to":[1,85,99],"address":[2],"the":[3,6,37,53,73,77,82,87,94,102,114,123,154,158,165],"shortcomings":[4],"of":[5,17,76,89,113],"single-point":[7],"variable":[8],"air":[9],"gap":[10],"permanent":[11],"magnetic":[12],"levitation":[13],"system":[14,38],"in":[15,60,144],"terms":[16],"dynamic":[18,167],"performance":[19,112,168],"and":[20,57,93,105,110,135,147,169],"anti-disturbance":[21],"capabilities,":[22],"an":[23],"improved":[24],"linear":[25,43,65,138],"active":[26,44,139],"disturbance":[27,45,140,170],"rejection":[28,46,141],"control":[29,47,142,161],"(ILADRC)":[30],"strategy":[31,125,156],"is":[32,50,79,97,126],"proposed.":[33],"First,":[34],"based":[35],"on":[36],"dynamics":[39],"model,":[40],"a":[41,64],"conventional":[42],"(LADRC)":[48],"controller":[49,96],"designed,":[51],"with":[52,128],"total":[54,90],"perturbation":[55,91,106],"observed":[56],"compensated":[58],"for":[59],"real":[61],"time":[62],"by":[63],"expanded":[66],"state":[67],"observer":[68],"(LESO).":[69],"Building":[70],"upon":[71],"this,":[72],"known":[74],"part":[75],"model":[78],"embedded":[80],"into":[81],"LESO":[83],"framework":[84],"enhance":[86],"accuracy":[88],"observation,":[92],"ILADRC":[95,115,124,155],"designed":[98],"further":[100],"improve":[101],"system\u2019s":[103,166],"stability":[104,109],"resistance.":[107,171],"The":[108,150],"tracking":[111],"are":[116],"then":[117],"verified":[118],"through":[119],"theoretical":[120],"analysis.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"compared":[127],"proportional-integral-derivative":[129],"(PID)":[130],"control,":[131,134],"traditional":[132],"LADRC":[133],"auxiliary":[136],"model-based":[137],"(AMLADRC)":[143],"both":[145],"simulation":[146],"experimental":[148],"settings.":[149],"results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"outperforms":[157],"other":[159],"three":[160],"strategies,":[162],"significantly":[163],"improving":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}