{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408181461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3548640","title":"The Evolution of VANET: A Review of Emerging Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Software-Defined Networks","display_name":"The Evolution of VANET: A Review of Emerging Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Software-Defined Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408181461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3548640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3548640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3548640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3548640","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056302784","display_name":"Octavio Jos\u00e9 Salcedo Parra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-8522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I332011152","display_name":"Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas","ror":"https://ror.org/02jsxd428","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I332011152"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavio Jos\u00e9 Salcedo Parra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet Inteligente Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia","Internet Inteligente Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-8522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet Inteligente Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I332011152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet Inteligente Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I332011152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038125554","display_name":"Lewys Correa S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4351-8095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I332011152","display_name":"Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas","ror":"https://ror.org/02jsxd428","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I332011152"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lewys Correa S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet Inteligente Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia","System Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4351-8095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet Inteligente Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I332011152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Colombia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086574977","display_name":"Jorge G\u00f3mez G\u00f3mez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-9386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I324290372","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/04nmbd607","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I324290372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I332011152","display_name":"Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas","ror":"https://ror.org/02jsxd428","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I332011152"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge G\u00f3mez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Colombia","Internet Inteligente Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-9386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I324290372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet Inteligente Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I332011152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.5517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95960405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"49187","last_page":"49213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9277999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9277999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7511175870895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.6882423162460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.4743070602416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4718111753463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40672069787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.23686081171035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.20200380682945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16503620147705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10083961486816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.10058557987213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09305357933044434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7511175870895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.6882423162460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.4743070602416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4718111753463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40672069787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.23686081171035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.20200380682945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16503620147705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10083961486816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.10058557987213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09305357933044434}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3548640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3548640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4a35a1dd5aed416b97c45255fcf3d196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4a35a1dd5aed416b97c45255fcf3d196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 49187-49213 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3548640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3548640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G525523297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325299","funder_display_name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325299","display_name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783957729","https://openalex.org/W2807218948","https://openalex.org/W2899586161","https://openalex.org/W2901988824","https://openalex.org/W2902214317","https://openalex.org/W2903433690","https://openalex.org/W2910166370","https://openalex.org/W2910169169","https://openalex.org/W2911711528","https://openalex.org/W2912623324","https://openalex.org/W2913285221","https://openalex.org/W2913817402","https://openalex.org/W2914742901","https://openalex.org/W2941608808","https://openalex.org/W2943695687","https://openalex.org/W2944464036","https://openalex.org/W2950129454","https://openalex.org/W2951689893","https://openalex.org/W2958918608","https://openalex.org/W2978169795","https://openalex.org/W2979427704","https://openalex.org/W2980820804","https://openalex.org/W2987455437","https://openalex.org/W2987575103","https://openalex.org/W2990718401","https://openalex.org/W2992626202","https://openalex.org/W2997306931","https://openalex.org/W2998767710","https://openalex.org/W2999547964","https://openalex.org/W3000411124","https://openalex.org/W3003758634","https://openalex.org/W3006080709","https://openalex.org/W3010189555","https://openalex.org/W3011290035","https://openalex.org/W3011356675","https://openalex.org/W3014211350","https://openalex.org/W3014259499","https://openalex.org/W3017682633","https://openalex.org/W3019569977","https://openalex.org/W3019878669","https://openalex.org/W3021340023","https://openalex.org/W3023574229","https://openalex.org/W3030392906","https://openalex.org/W3031997723","https://openalex.org/W3035352987","https://openalex.org/W3038895049","https://openalex.org/W3045049179","https://openalex.org/W3046047516","https://openalex.org/W3047087541","https://openalex.org/W3083123986","https://openalex.org/W3084502969","https://openalex.org/W3085385370","https://openalex.org/W3087512552","https://openalex.org/W3090958859","https://openalex.org/W3091902532","https://openalex.org/W3092448674","https://openalex.org/W3094692755","https://openalex.org/W3098623161","https://openalex.org/W3099350657","https://openalex.org/W3105202335","https://openalex.org/W3107811227","https://openalex.org/W3110832980","https://openalex.org/W3111028751","https://openalex.org/W3112083707","https://openalex.org/W3120021301","https://openalex.org/W3126496211","https://openalex.org/W3128702025","https://openalex.org/W3129844607","https://openalex.org/W3130106680","https://openalex.org/W3130492972","https://openalex.org/W3132221436","https://openalex.org/W3136038504","https://openalex.org/W3140136758","https://openalex.org/W3140933240","https://openalex.org/W3144263932","https://openalex.org/W3162195744","https://openalex.org/W3166361160","https://openalex.org/W3166863548","https://openalex.org/W3171503778","https://openalex.org/W3176185637","https://openalex.org/W3177698162","https://openalex.org/W3194026771","https://openalex.org/W3198080154","https://openalex.org/W3201425084","https://openalex.org/W3206599325","https://openalex.org/W3211089035","https://openalex.org/W3216327094","https://openalex.org/W4205306613","https://openalex.org/W4205459724","https://openalex.org/W4205656656","https://openalex.org/W4206472250","https://openalex.org/W4206555101","https://openalex.org/W4212947319","https://openalex.org/W4220988581","https://openalex.org/W4281774759","https://openalex.org/W4283080009","https://openalex.org/W4285149727","https://openalex.org/W4285412298","https://openalex.org/W4285820203","https://openalex.org/W4308120123","https://openalex.org/W4308424950","https://openalex.org/W4322577750","https://openalex.org/W4360998761","https://openalex.org/W4362653485","https://openalex.org/W4387448527","https://openalex.org/W4389495168","https://openalex.org/W4393407459","https://openalex.org/W4394938999","https://openalex.org/W4400266772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"in-depth":[4],"look":[5],"at":[6],"the":[7,20,31,50,109,121,126,132,156],"evolution":[8],"of":[9,22,33,58,111,120,124,143],"Vehicular":[10],"Ad":[11],"Hoc":[12],"Networks":[13],"(VANET)":[14],"and":[15,42,66,74,88,99,103,106,131,134,146,162],"their":[16,104,138],"increasing":[17],"importance":[18],"in":[19,53,77,83,108],"development":[21],"Intelligent":[23],"Transportation":[24],"Systems":[25],"(ITS).":[26],"Emerging":[27],"technologies":[28,128,149],"that":[29],"shape":[30],"future":[32],"VANET":[34,78,112],"are":[35,86,101,113],"discussed,":[36],"focusing":[37],"on":[38],"artificial":[39],"intelligence":[40],"(AI)":[41],"software-defined":[43],"networking":[44],"(SDN)":[45],"as":[46,92],"key":[47,148],"solutions":[48],"to":[49],"challenges":[51,82,133],"inherent":[52],"these":[54,84],"dynamic":[55],"networks.":[56],"Applications":[57],"AI,":[59,144],"including":[60],"machine":[61],"learning":[62],"(ML),":[63],"deep":[64],"learning,":[65],"swarm":[67],"intelligence,":[68],"for":[69,152,158],"improving":[70],"security,":[71],"traffic":[72],"efficiency,":[73],"information":[75],"management":[76],"were":[79],"examined.":[80],"Routing":[81],"environments":[85],"discussed":[87],"SDN":[89,96],"is":[90,150],"presented":[91,136],"a":[93,117],"viable":[94],"solution.":[95],"protocols,":[97],"controllers,":[98],"architectures":[100],"described,":[102],"advantages":[105],"disadvantages":[107],"context":[110],"analyzed.":[114],"It":[115],"provides":[116],"comprehensive":[118],"overview":[119],"current":[122],"state":[123],"VANET,":[125],"emerging":[127],"driving":[129],"them,":[130],"opportunities":[135],"by":[137],"continued":[139],"development.":[140],"The":[141],"convergence":[142],"SDN,":[145],"other":[147],"crucial":[151],"intelligent":[153],"transportation,":[154],"paving":[155],"way":[157],"safer,":[159],"more":[160,163],"efficient,":[161],"connected":[164],"driving.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-03-07T00:00:00"}