{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408163774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547996","title":"A Three-Level Inverter-Based Model Predictive Control Design for Optimal Wind Energy Systems","display_name":"A Three-Level Inverter-Based Model Predictive Control Design for Optimal Wind Energy Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408163774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547996","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032207218","display_name":"Hassan Abouobaida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125507","display_name":"Chouaib Doukkali University","ror":"https://ror.org/036kgyt43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Abouobaida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy (LABSIPE), National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA) of El Jadida, Chouaib-Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA) of El Jadida, Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, Chouaib-Doukkali University, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy (LABSIPE), National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA) of El Jadida, Chouaib-Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA) of El Jadida, Laboratory of Engineering Sciences for Energy, Chouaib-Doukkali University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024397448","display_name":"Safeer Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8017-7006"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safeer Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering and Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering and Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073539822","display_name":"Ahmed S. Alsafran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-6161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144693123","display_name":"University of Buea","ror":"https://ror.org/041kdhz15","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144693123"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CM","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Alsafran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of Buea, Cameroon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of Buea, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144693123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043993807","display_name":"Ambe Harrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4353-1261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144693123","display_name":"University of Buea","ror":"https://ror.org/041kdhz15","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144693123"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CM","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ambe Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Technology (COT), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon","King Faisal University, Hofuf, Alahssa, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Technology (COT), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144693123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Faisal University, Hofuf, Alahssa, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032049626","display_name":"Ghulam Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-9414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology at Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology at Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006952952","display_name":"Baheej Alghamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9569-4724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baheej Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015935273","display_name":"Habib Kraiem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-2430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118590987","display_name":"Northern Border University","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9tzj20","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habib Kraiem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia","College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032207218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.913286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"42414","last_page":"42427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.6557757258415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6173637509346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5930600166320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.5321432948112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.45737457275390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.423867404460907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4205208122730255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16107022762298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12498939037322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09715843200683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07992157340049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.079836905002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07859328389167786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6557757258415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6173637509346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5930600166320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.5321432948112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.45737457275390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.423867404460907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4205208122730255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16107022762298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12498939037322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09715843200683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07992157340049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.079836905002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07859328389167786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:66e013b20bd4420386bb640923650c14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/66e013b20bd4420386bb640923650c14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 42414-42427 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4410237172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KFU250847","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7195979395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NBU-FFR-2025-2484-07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335726","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335726","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984592278","https://openalex.org/W2020541438","https://openalex.org/W2063932628","https://openalex.org/W2084940941","https://openalex.org/W2556487958","https://openalex.org/W2748875889","https://openalex.org/W2754780565","https://openalex.org/W2883302951","https://openalex.org/W3004931764","https://openalex.org/W3016321356","https://openalex.org/W3016644941","https://openalex.org/W3075526656","https://openalex.org/W3119069897","https://openalex.org/W3137118945","https://openalex.org/W3175969151","https://openalex.org/W3185392729","https://openalex.org/W3215373874","https://openalex.org/W4210729700","https://openalex.org/W4225330026","https://openalex.org/W4287958119","https://openalex.org/W4290754685","https://openalex.org/W4292573084","https://openalex.org/W4320716695","https://openalex.org/W4380484888","https://openalex.org/W4385438325","https://openalex.org/W4386619171","https://openalex.org/W4386753331","https://openalex.org/W4387301173","https://openalex.org/W4387332704","https://openalex.org/W4387568594","https://openalex.org/W4388713300","https://openalex.org/W4388721342","https://openalex.org/W4389836464","https://openalex.org/W4389891056","https://openalex.org/W4390174504","https://openalex.org/W4390571996","https://openalex.org/W4390970614","https://openalex.org/W4392131159","https://openalex.org/W4402329784","https://openalex.org/W4405601017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990079087","https://openalex.org/W3202234113","https://openalex.org/W2101188133","https://openalex.org/W4248731570","https://openalex.org/W2381210024","https://openalex.org/W2060165215","https://openalex.org/W2384015130","https://openalex.org/W4285595274","https://openalex.org/W81137451","https://openalex.org/W2556120871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"an":[3],"innovative":[4],"model":[5],"predictive":[6],"control":[7],"strategy":[8],"for":[9,74,110],"a":[10,16,22,26,71,99,123,128],"grid-connected":[11],"wind":[12,138],"energy":[13,144],"system":[14,43],"using":[15,122],"three-level":[17],"inverter.":[18],"The":[19,60,88,117,131],"method":[20],"features":[21],"command":[23],"structure":[24],"with":[25,70,98,127,159],"single":[27],"DC/AC":[28,56],"multilevel":[29],"three-phase":[30],"inverter,":[31],"which":[32],"significantly":[33],"decreases":[34],"the":[35,42,49,66,81,96,104,113,143,148,153],"number":[36],"of":[37,80,95],"converters":[38],"required,":[39],"thereby":[40],"reducing":[41],"design":[44],"costs":[45],"in":[46],"comparison":[47],"to":[48],"traditional":[50],"back-to-back":[51],"configuration":[52],"that":[53,106,134],"requires":[54],"both":[55],"and":[57,77,84,102,141],"AC/DC":[58],"converters.":[59],"inverter":[61,97],"is":[62,120],"modelled":[63],"discretely":[64],"at":[65],"synchronous":[67],"reference":[68],"frame":[69],"discrete-time":[72],"prediction":[73],"future":[75],"direct":[76],"quadrature":[78],"components":[79],"grid":[82],"current":[83],"DC-link":[85],"capacitor":[86],"voltages.":[87],"controller":[89],"evaluates":[90],"each":[91],"possible":[92],"switching":[93],"state":[94,105],"cost":[100,109],"function":[101],"chooses":[103],"minimizes":[107],"this":[108,135],"realization":[111],"during":[112],"next":[114],"sampling":[115],"period.":[116],"proposed":[118],"approach":[119,136],"verified":[121],"processor-in-the-loop":[124],"methodology":[125],"along":[126],"software":[129],"simulation.":[130],"results":[132],"show":[133],"optimizes":[137],"power":[139],"generation":[140],"enhances":[142],"quality":[145],"injected":[146],"into":[147],"grid,":[149],"as":[150],"indicated":[151],"by":[152],"lower":[154],"total":[155],"harmonic":[156],"distortion":[157],"compared":[158],"previous":[160],"methods.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}