{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408145138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547849","title":"Optimizing Urban Intersection Management in Mixed Traffic Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Genetic Algorithms","display_name":"Optimizing Urban Intersection Management in Mixed Traffic Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Genetic Algorithms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408145138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547849","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101629403","display_name":"Jiajun Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-3379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-3379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0580-3091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0580-3091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-622X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle Business School, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-622X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle Business School, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006438734","display_name":"Guanyu Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanyu Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0020-2581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhipeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5576-8826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5576-8826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018717195","display_name":"Jingxin Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-3185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingxin Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-3185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101629403"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.8793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94621443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"41723","last_page":"41742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7789003849029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.7519327402114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7340270280838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49508538842201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.49287986755371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4004132151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3737941384315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.11607435345649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10302332043647766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7789003849029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.7519327402114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7340270280838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49508538842201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49287986755371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4004132151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3737941384315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.11607435345649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10302332043647766}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fd5b71296d34f18aec55c14937d5a12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fd5b71296d34f18aec55c14937d5a12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 41723-41742 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6647860964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23YJAZH122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335982","funder_display_name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335982","display_name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972711079","https://openalex.org/W2093688546","https://openalex.org/W2122031604","https://openalex.org/W2132479764","https://openalex.org/W2524294774","https://openalex.org/W2887883289","https://openalex.org/W2914743011","https://openalex.org/W2984933999","https://openalex.org/W3014845548","https://openalex.org/W3029232882","https://openalex.org/W3032694630","https://openalex.org/W3092592631","https://openalex.org/W3096632704","https://openalex.org/W3119836530","https://openalex.org/W3125147854","https://openalex.org/W3126181396","https://openalex.org/W3152858716","https://openalex.org/W3191588546","https://openalex.org/W3205097773","https://openalex.org/W3209247505","https://openalex.org/W3210291880","https://openalex.org/W3212907084","https://openalex.org/W3213599193","https://openalex.org/W3217072760","https://openalex.org/W4200233636","https://openalex.org/W4206867326","https://openalex.org/W4211207033","https://openalex.org/W4214826322","https://openalex.org/W4285132864","https://openalex.org/W4309285434","https://openalex.org/W4309629463","https://openalex.org/W4309832776","https://openalex.org/W4312764179","https://openalex.org/W4380303658","https://openalex.org/W4383743439","https://openalex.org/W4399450461","https://openalex.org/W6756777732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176","https://openalex.org/W2393942738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,53],"study":[1,54,117],"aims":[2],"to":[3,36,41,59,81,155,183],"optimize":[4,156],"lane":[5,39,63,91,169],"configurations":[6,40],"at":[7],"urban":[8,127,134,157,191],"intersections":[9],"within":[10],"mixed":[11,68,161],"traffic":[12,47,69,75,135,162],"environments,":[13],"integrating":[14],"both":[15],"Connected":[16],"Autonomous":[17],"Vehicles":[18,22],"(CAVs)":[19],"and":[20,28,49,71,107,137,152,181,188],"Human-driven":[21],"(HVs).":[23],"By":[24],"employing":[25],"genetic":[26,57,142],"algorithm":[27,58,143],"deep":[29],"reinforcement":[30],"learning":[31],"(DRL),":[32],"the":[33,61,87,97,111,119,147,174,184],"research":[34],"seeks":[35],"dynamically":[37],"adjust":[38],"improve":[42],"intersection":[43,158],"efficiency":[44],"under":[45],"varying":[46],"conditions":[48],"CAV":[50,79,112],"penetration":[51,113],"rates.":[52],"utilizes":[55],"a":[56,67],"solve":[60],"dynamic":[62,90],"configuration":[64,92,170],"problem":[65],"in":[66,104,160],"environment":[70],"concludes":[72],"that":[73,167],"higher":[74],"volumes":[76],"require":[77],"dedicated":[78],"lanes":[80],"significantly":[82],"reduce":[83],"vehicle":[84],"delays.":[85],"Additionally,":[86],"effectiveness":[88],"of":[89,121,141,177,186],"is":[93],"further":[94],"validated":[95],"through":[96],"DRL":[98,145],"model,":[99],"which":[100],"shows":[101],"significant":[102],"improvements":[103],"average":[105],"speed":[106],"waiting":[108],"time":[109],"as":[110],"rate":[114],"increases.":[115],"The":[116,139],"highlights":[118],"importance":[120],"adaptive":[122,168],"strategies":[123,171],"for":[124,132,149],"managing":[125],"complex":[126],"traffic,":[128],"providing":[129],"valuable":[130],"insights":[131],"future":[133],"management":[136,159],"planning.":[138],"integration":[140],"with":[144],"underscores":[146],"potential":[148],"developing":[150],"flexible":[151],"efficient":[153,190],"solutions":[154],"environments.":[163],"These":[164],"findings":[165],"suggest":[166],"can":[172],"support":[173],"broader":[175],"adoption":[176],"autonomous":[178],"driving":[179],"technologies":[180],"contribute":[182],"development":[185],"smarter":[187],"more":[189],"transportation":[192],"systems.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}