{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408182341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547837","title":"Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Energy Harvesting Networks","display_name":"Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Energy Harvesting Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408182341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547837","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030088502","display_name":"Mohammed Mehdi Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-0935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Mehdi Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-0935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045836628","display_name":"Nor Aishah Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-1516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Aishah Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Software and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Software and Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-1516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Software and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Software and Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047684332","display_name":"Norhudah Seman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-271X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norhudah Seman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-271X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047358149","display_name":"Nur Ilyana Anwar Apandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-843X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Ilyana Anwar Apandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering (FTKE), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-843X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering (FTKE), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75904564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"47375","last_page":"47388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.7548394203186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6721322536468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6225079298019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.544242262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4257311224937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.414799302816391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3901302218437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.36892688274383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26504719257354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2174772322177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1967071294784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13130119442939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0767747163772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07036471366882324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.7548394203186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6721322536468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6225079298019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.544242262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4257311224937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.414799302816391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3901302218437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.36892688274383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26504719257354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2174772322177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1967071294784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13130119442939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0767747163772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07036471366882324}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:450e4e1a2905441eb55c69e896fe499b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/450e4e1a2905441eb55c69e896fe499b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 47375-47388 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3547837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3547837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2459396314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Q.J130000.5123.00L87","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4543769946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R.J130000.7809.4J613","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311039","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4922202425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R.J130000.7809.4J613","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311039","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00kab6t91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344766627","https://openalex.org/W631335369","https://openalex.org/W2058403156","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2170783091","https://openalex.org/W2336650418","https://openalex.org/W2368600038","https://openalex.org/W2571111585","https://openalex.org/W2883616861","https://openalex.org/W2905673487","https://openalex.org/W2954802609","https://openalex.org/W2962850356","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2978330116","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2996961035","https://openalex.org/W2997451609","https://openalex.org/W3002205212","https://openalex.org/W3009300085","https://openalex.org/W3015594231","https://openalex.org/W3018474795","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3043810557","https://openalex.org/W3043981101","https://openalex.org/W3089676429","https://openalex.org/W3130381884","https://openalex.org/W3133085096","https://openalex.org/W3136928177","https://openalex.org/W3151546028","https://openalex.org/W3157341840","https://openalex.org/W3164853202","https://openalex.org/W3168226730","https://openalex.org/W3169347477","https://openalex.org/W3193286416","https://openalex.org/W3211897542","https://openalex.org/W3214757654","https://openalex.org/W3215556569","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4225812595","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4229001419","https://openalex.org/W4249365614","https://openalex.org/W4282965792","https://openalex.org/W4283212256","https://openalex.org/W4285194621","https://openalex.org/W4297361190","https://openalex.org/W4312612566","https://openalex.org/W4317419041","https://openalex.org/W4321458547","https://openalex.org/W4377009098","https://openalex.org/W4377090076","https://openalex.org/W4382656438","https://openalex.org/W4385452948","https://openalex.org/W4387502293","https://openalex.org/W4387670490","https://openalex.org/W4388721493","https://openalex.org/W4391095091","https://openalex.org/W4391692193","https://openalex.org/W4393028514","https://openalex.org/W4400314761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2317169686","https://openalex.org/W1185324648","https://openalex.org/W1515720096","https://openalex.org/W2539553997","https://openalex.org/W3159902002","https://openalex.org/W3208155863","https://openalex.org/W2363237216","https://openalex.org/W2033762247","https://openalex.org/W2530392398","https://openalex.org/W2070366004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"harvesting":[1],"(EH)":[2],"in":[3,99,136,140,204,213],"millimeter-wave":[4],"(mm-wave)":[5],"cellular":[6],"networks":[7,70],"has":[8],"gained":[9],"significant":[10,38,145],"attention":[11],"due":[12,54],"to":[13,33,55,74,87,120,162,186,202],"the":[14,49,62,89,107,167,179,209],"widespread":[15],"use":[16,63],"of":[17,51,64,95,155,211],"large":[18],"antenna":[19,184],"arrays":[20],"and":[21,40,47,189,217],"dense":[22,153],"base":[23],"station":[24],"(BS)":[25],"deployments.":[26],"However,":[27],"mm-wave":[28,69,137,206],"signals":[29],"are":[30],"highly":[31],"susceptible":[32],"path":[34,57,146],"attenuation":[35],"caused":[36],"by":[37],"atmospheric":[39],"obstacle-induced":[41],"absorption,":[42],"which":[43],"can":[44,131],"limit":[45],"coverage":[46,91],"degrade":[48],"performance":[50,94,135,216],"EH":[52,76,134,160,199,218],"systems":[53],"high":[56],"losses.":[58],"This":[59,191],"paper":[60],"considers":[61],"reconfigurable":[65],"intelligent":[66],"surface":[67],"(RIS)-assisted":[68],"as":[71,175,177],"a":[72,103],"solution":[73],"enhance":[75,187],"performance.":[77,124],"We":[78],"propose":[79],"an":[80],"analytical":[81,110],"framework":[82],"based":[83],"on":[84],"stochastic":[85],"geometry":[86],"evaluate":[88],"energy":[90,115],"probability":[92],"(ECP)":[93],"user":[96],"equipment":[97],"(UE)":[98],"these":[100],"networks,":[101,138,207],"deriving":[102],"closed-form":[104],"expression":[105],"for":[106,112,196],"ECP.":[108],"The":[109,125,148],"formula":[111],"average":[113],"harvested":[114],"(AHE)":[116],"is":[117,174],"also":[118,150],"provided":[119],"help":[121],"characterize":[122],"system":[123],"findings":[126,149,168],"show":[127,151],"that":[128,152,170],"deploying":[129],"RISs":[130,157,212],"significantly":[132,158],"improve":[133],"even":[139],"challenging":[141],"urban":[142],"areas":[143],"with":[144,181],"loss.":[147],"deployment":[154],"passive":[156,172],"improves":[159],"comparable":[161],"active":[163,183],"BS":[164,180],"deployment.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"indicate":[169],"adding":[171],"reflectors":[173],"effective":[176],"equipping":[178],"additional":[182],"elements":[185],"ECP":[188],"AHE.":[190],"study":[192],"provides":[193],"valuable":[194],"insights":[195],"designing":[197],"future":[198],"strategies":[200],"tailored":[201],"end-UEs":[203],"RIS-assisted":[205],"emphasizing":[208],"efficacy":[210],"improving":[214],"network":[215],"capabilities.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
