{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411599608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546629","title":"Strategies for Enhancing Card Game Analysis: Exploring Large Language Models in Imperfect Information Settings","display_name":"Strategies for Enhancing Card Game Analysis: Exploring Large Language Models in Imperfect Information Settings","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411599608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3546629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546629","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037374518","display_name":"Feihu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5063-2299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feihu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5063-2299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107654581","display_name":"Xuechen Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuechen Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2318-6746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118612844","display_name":"Jianing Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianing Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0074-7786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093751229","display_name":"Meiling Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiling Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8403-395X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0640733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"109814","last_page":"109827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.760238528251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfect-information","display_name":"Perfect information","score":0.5815567374229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect","display_name":"Imperfect","score":0.5761055946350098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4198010265827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0934906005859375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.760238528251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123676819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074338","display_name":"Perfect information","level":2,"score":0.5815567374229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.5761055946350098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4198010265827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0934906005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3546629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6094ce2c5d8c4886afc4808c4a78979e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6094ce2c5d8c4886afc4808c4a78979e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 109814-109827 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3546629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539601083","https://openalex.org/W1898671251","https://openalex.org/W2010931158","https://openalex.org/W2019759670","https://openalex.org/W2101746535","https://openalex.org/W2117373735","https://openalex.org/W2739874095","https://openalex.org/W2798273548","https://openalex.org/W2904759094","https://openalex.org/W3014502499","https://openalex.org/W3166398748","https://openalex.org/W3203987209","https://openalex.org/W4213221013","https://openalex.org/W4286987939","https://openalex.org/W4303443398","https://openalex.org/W4317898419","https://openalex.org/W4385573236","https://openalex.org/W4387316195","https://openalex.org/W4388553937","https://openalex.org/W4389109194","https://openalex.org/W4400275527","https://openalex.org/W4401043666","https://openalex.org/W4411630045","https://openalex.org/W6748202321","https://openalex.org/W6800875267","https://openalex.org/W6846002521","https://openalex.org/W6856800273","https://openalex.org/W6857079699","https://openalex.org/W6857357674","https://openalex.org/W6858145862","https://openalex.org/W6859389170","https://openalex.org/W6870693765","https://openalex.org/W7062100370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360321812","https://openalex.org/W2395295193","https://openalex.org/W3122057932","https://openalex.org/W2113798763","https://openalex.org/W3088364074","https://openalex.org/W2004230228","https://openalex.org/W2610227658","https://openalex.org/W2145796981","https://openalex.org/W2900431508","https://openalex.org/W2050340470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,115,165],"large":[3],"language":[4,118],"models":[5,153],"(LLMs)":[6],"have":[7],"unlocked":[8],"the":[9,51,77,116,136,162,169,179],"potential":[10],"for":[11,22,50],"generating":[12],"high-quality":[13],"game":[14,54,113],"commentary.":[15],"However,":[16],"producing":[17],"insightful":[18],"and":[19,46,67,80,100,111,126,130],"engaging":[20],"commentary":[21,39,73,91,114,140,171],"complex":[23],"games":[24],"with":[25,123],"incomplete":[26],"information":[27,131],"remains":[28],"a":[29,37,89,93,101],"significant":[30],"challenge.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35],"introduce":[36],"novel":[38],"method":[40],"that":[41,150],"combine":[42],"Reinforcement":[43],"Learning":[44],"(RL)":[45],"LLMs,":[47,177],"tailored":[48],"specifically":[49],"Chinese":[52,117],"card":[53],"<italic":[55],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[56],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Guandan</i>.":[57],"Our":[58,158],"system":[59],"leverages":[60],"RL":[61],"to":[62,70,108,156,175],"generate":[63,71],"intricate":[64],"card-playing":[65],"scenarios":[66],"employs":[68],"LLMs":[69,122],"corresponding":[72],"text,":[74],"effectively":[75],"emulating":[76],"strategic":[78],"analysis":[79],"narrative":[81],"prowess":[82],"of":[83,95,138,145,151,181],"professional":[84],"commentators.":[85],"The":[86,142],"framework":[87,172],"comprises":[88],"state":[90],"guide,":[92],"Theory":[94],"Mind":[96],"(ToM)-based":[97],"strategy":[98],"analyzer,":[99],"style":[102],"retrieval":[103,129],"module,":[104],"which":[105],"seamlessly":[106],"collaborate":[107],"deliver":[109],"detailed":[110],"context-relevant":[112],"environment.":[119],"We":[120],"empower":[121],"ToM":[124],"capabilities":[125],"refine":[127],"both":[128],"filtering":[132],"mechanisms.":[133],"This":[134],"facilitates":[135],"generation":[137],"personalized":[139],"content.":[141],"semantic":[143],"similarity":[144],"our":[146],"model":[147],"far":[148],"exceeds":[149],"other":[152],"by":[154,168],"close":[155],"80%.":[157],"experimental":[159],"results":[160],"showcase":[161],"substantial":[163],"enhancement":[164],"performance":[166,180],"achieved":[167],"proposed":[170],"when":[173],"applied":[174],"open-source":[176],"surpassing":[178],"GPT-4":[182],"across":[183],"multiple":[184],"evaluation":[185],"metrics.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}