{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408017353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546492","title":"Cooperative Control of Power Grid Frequency Based on Expert-Guided Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm","display_name":"Cooperative Control of Power Grid Frequency Based on Expert-Guided Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408017353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3546492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546492","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3800-6241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3800-6241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757101","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3732-7432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3732-7432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3299-6426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3299-6426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shengsun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengsun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083706604","display_name":"D.J. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103396894","display_name":"Zhaorui Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaorui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61890594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"38502","last_page":"38514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14276","display_name":"Power Systems and Technologies","score":0.7516000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14276","display_name":"Power Systems and Technologies","score":0.7516000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.738099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12451","display_name":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","score":0.6901999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7043857574462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.5714280009269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5206312537193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4959751069545746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4635353088378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.45632198452949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4361247718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.42571714520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2519603371620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15413698554039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14226287603378296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7043857574462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5714280009269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5206312537193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4959751069545746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4635353088378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.45632198452949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4361247718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.42571714520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2519603371620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15413698554039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14226287603378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3546492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1dee925f347a4a3684535ed4331add99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1dee925f347a4a3684535ed4331add99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 38502-38514 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3546492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3546492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2612101865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH[2024] Major028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322272","funder_display_name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4128994909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2022] General013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322272","funder_display_name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322272","display_name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnh405"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2788862220","https://openalex.org/W2893566058","https://openalex.org/W2911890711","https://openalex.org/W2993026044","https://openalex.org/W3000096278","https://openalex.org/W3129105350","https://openalex.org/W3149290696","https://openalex.org/W3169114806","https://openalex.org/W3171670197","https://openalex.org/W3180396607","https://openalex.org/W3206880580","https://openalex.org/W4224277618","https://openalex.org/W4289975004","https://openalex.org/W4293370695","https://openalex.org/W4304618687","https://openalex.org/W4306803893","https://openalex.org/W4307234290","https://openalex.org/W4308946274","https://openalex.org/W4312616215","https://openalex.org/W4366825273","https://openalex.org/W4367279932","https://openalex.org/W4383652842","https://openalex.org/W4385143875","https://openalex.org/W4386499218","https://openalex.org/W4387388040","https://openalex.org/W4391053798","https://openalex.org/W4391164460","https://openalex.org/W4393185905","https://openalex.org/W4393451750","https://openalex.org/W4399118830","https://openalex.org/W4399615845","https://openalex.org/W4401629327","https://openalex.org/W4402175410","https://openalex.org/W4402510263","https://openalex.org/W4403672887","https://openalex.org/W4403980352","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6774293348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554005152","https://openalex.org/W2017388560","https://openalex.org/W60765711","https://openalex.org/W2374124984","https://openalex.org/W2384927494","https://openalex.org/W1991990882","https://openalex.org/W2771637713","https://openalex.org/W951292986","https://openalex.org/W2353505767","https://openalex.org/W2380475562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"power":[1,39,107],"systems,":[2],"frequency":[3,19,41,162],"control":[4,36,66,114,152],"is":[5,54],"essential":[6],"to":[7,62,78,101,112],"ensure":[8],"stable":[9],"grid":[10,40],"operation.":[11],"With":[12],"the":[13,31,44,60,65,69,80,94,103,106,110,123,132,137,143],"increasing":[14],"share":[15],"of":[16,85,136],"renewable":[17],"energy,":[18],"fluctuations":[20,164],"have":[21],"become":[22],"more":[23],"complex":[24],"and":[25,56,88,134,149,154,165],"unpredictable.":[26],"To":[27],"address":[28],"this":[29],"challenge,":[30],"paper":[32],"proposes":[33],"a":[34],"cooperative":[35],"method":[37,53],"for":[38],"based":[42],"on":[43],"Expert-Guided":[45],"Deep":[46],"Deterministic":[47],"Policy":[48],"Gradient":[49],"(EGDDPG)":[50],"algorithm.":[51,138],"This":[52,120],"data-driven":[55],"continuously":[57],"interacts":[58],"with":[59,127],"environment":[61],"adaptively":[63],"optimize":[64],"strategy.":[67],"On":[68,93],"one":[70],"hand,":[71,96],"EGDDPG":[72,145],"incorporates":[73],"expert":[74],"data":[75],"during":[76],"training":[77,90],"guide":[79],"agent,":[81],"enabling":[82],"faster":[83,148],"learning":[84],"effective":[86],"strategies":[87,115],"reducing":[89],"convergence":[91],"time.":[92],"other":[95],"random":[97],"disturbances":[98],"are":[99],"introduced":[100],"simulate":[102],"uncertainties":[104],"in":[105],"system,":[108],"encouraging":[109],"agent":[111],"learn":[113],"across":[116,156],"different":[117],"environmental":[118],"states.":[119],"approach":[121],"avoids":[122],"overfitting":[124],"issues":[125],"associated":[126],"fixed":[128],"disturbance":[129],"training,":[130],"enhancing":[131],"adaptability":[133,155],"robustness":[135],"Simulation":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"proposed":[144],"algorithm":[146],"converges":[147],"demonstrates":[150],"stronger":[151],"capability":[153],"various":[157],"scenarios.":[158],"It":[159],"effectively":[160],"reduces":[161],"deviation":[163],"overshoot.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
