{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407937657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3545387","title":"RAG4DS: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Data Spaces\u2014A Unified Lifecycle, Challenges, and Opportunities","display_name":"RAG4DS: Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Data Spaces\u2014A Unified Lifecycle, Challenges, and Opportunities","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407937657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3545387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3545387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3545387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3545387","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067972997","display_name":"Majjed Al-Qatf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Majjed Al-Qatf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-344X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105940274","display_name":"Rafiqul Haque","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafiqul Haque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012786887","display_name":"Saeed Hamood Alsamhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-6979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Hamood Alsamhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-6979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015196020","display_name":"Samuele Buosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-2124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuele Buosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-2124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101882039","display_name":"Muhammad Asif Razzaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-8834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Asif Razzaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-8834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013904947","display_name":"Mohan Timilsina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-9898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohan Timilsina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089032960","display_name":"Ammar Hawbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-3993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Hawbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-3993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027850521","display_name":"Edward Curry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Curry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-6433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067972997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.1134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97582931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"39510","last_page":"39522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9002000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9002000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7034332752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3299141526222229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7034332752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3299141526222229}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3545387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3545387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45b37d47e9514056b7f8896e27565d5d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45b37d47e9514056b7f8896e27565d5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 39510-39522 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3545387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3545387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2632164605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/12/RC/2289_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3210941836","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI /12/RC/2289_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513728926","https://openalex.org/W2059268928","https://openalex.org/W2792385975","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2985507140","https://openalex.org/W3025937915","https://openalex.org/W3161829609","https://openalex.org/W4220949393","https://openalex.org/W4297626543","https://openalex.org/W4391113944","https://openalex.org/W4396922029","https://openalex.org/W4400526126","https://openalex.org/W4402670423","https://openalex.org/W4402671287","https://openalex.org/W4402671787","https://openalex.org/W6800751262","https://openalex.org/W6846966473","https://openalex.org/W6857305977","https://openalex.org/W6859201984","https://openalex.org/W6859598735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retrieval-Augmented":[0],"Generation":[1],"(RAG)":[2],"has":[3,53],"gained":[4],"significant":[5],"attention":[6],"from":[7,59,95],"many":[8],"researchers":[9],"as":[10],"an":[11],"effective":[12],"solution":[13],"to":[14,46,73,87],"address":[15],"the":[16,29,85,109,114,144,148,165],"hallucination":[17],"issue":[18],"of":[19,66,117,147],"Foundational":[20],"Models":[21,26],"(FMs),":[22],"particularly":[23],"Large":[24],"Language":[25],"(LLMs).":[27],"Although":[28],"RAG":[30,67,83,112,129,139],"framework":[31],"is":[32,71],"considered":[33],"a":[34,42,125,135],"successful":[35],"approach":[36],"for":[37,128,138,161],"enhancing":[38],"LLMs":[39],"by":[40],"providing":[41],"suitable":[43],"retrieval":[44],"mechanism":[45],"obtain":[47,88],"appropriate":[48],"external":[49],"knowledge,":[50],"it":[51],"still":[52],"limitations":[54],"in":[55,164],"acquiring":[56],"high-quality":[57],"knowledge":[58],"diverse":[60,89],"data":[61,69,78,93,97,105,118,130,141],"sources.":[62],"The":[63],"complementary":[64],"integration":[65,150],"and":[68,90,103,140,167],"spaces":[70,81],"proposed":[72,149],"exploit":[74],"RAG\u2019s":[75],"capabilities":[76],"within":[77],"spaces.":[79,119],"Data":[80],"provide":[82],"with":[84,134],"ability":[86],"high":[91],"quality":[92],"sources":[94],"several":[96],"providers":[98],"under":[99],"secure":[100],"data-sharing":[101],"mechanisms":[102],"direct":[104],"exchange":[106],"negotiations.":[107],"At":[108],"same":[110],"time,":[111],"enhances":[113],"support":[115],"services":[116],"In":[120],"this":[121],"paper,":[122],"we":[123,156],"present":[124,157],"high-level":[126],"architecture":[127],"space":[131],"models":[132],"(RAG-DSMs)":[133],"unified":[136],"lifecycle":[137],"spaces,":[142],"highlight":[143],"possible":[145],"challenges":[146],"while":[151],"presenting":[152],"potential":[153],"opportunities.":[154],"Moreover,":[155],"two":[158],"use":[159],"cases":[160],"leveraging":[162],"RAG-DSMs":[163],"mobility":[166],"health":[168],"domains.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
