{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407900294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3544654","title":"Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock","display_name":"Gyromagnetics of the Electron Clock","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407900294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3544654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3544654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3544654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3544654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050440211","display_name":"David Hestenes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-7655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Hestenes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-7655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050440211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1044,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7428188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"53772","last_page":"53803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5550134181976318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5550134181976318}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3544654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3544654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a608adc9c0740fd8df1f8bdc2e022fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a608adc9c0740fd8df1f8bdc2e022fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 53772-53803 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3544654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3544654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144123806","https://openalex.org/W1552669493","https://openalex.org/W1558007282","https://openalex.org/W1563672770","https://openalex.org/W1595823061","https://openalex.org/W1626821912","https://openalex.org/W1835799325","https://openalex.org/W1974592431","https://openalex.org/W1981909791","https://openalex.org/W1983175027","https://openalex.org/W1983715633","https://openalex.org/W1988863101","https://openalex.org/W1996678211","https://openalex.org/W2000379578","https://openalex.org/W2005657129","https://openalex.org/W2008931389","https://openalex.org/W2012754732","https://openalex.org/W2013670760","https://openalex.org/W2014123809","https://openalex.org/W2015443456","https://openalex.org/W2026322912","https://openalex.org/W2028611764","https://openalex.org/W2032231305","https://openalex.org/W2032286650","https://openalex.org/W2032495049","https://openalex.org/W2038552163","https://openalex.org/W2043161465","https://openalex.org/W2044256723","https://openalex.org/W2051768794","https://openalex.org/W2059278673","https://openalex.org/W2059704383","https://openalex.org/W2060526122","https://openalex.org/W2064294174","https://openalex.org/W2066703109","https://openalex.org/W2068095413","https://openalex.org/W2068657212","https://openalex.org/W2070355827","https://openalex.org/W2079370746","https://openalex.org/W2084593238","https://openalex.org/W2086631917","https://openalex.org/W2089019874","https://openalex.org/W2105985935","https://openalex.org/W2110587309","https://openalex.org/W2110973002","https://openalex.org/W2112681393","https://openalex.org/W2122584739","https://openalex.org/W2148703359","https://openalex.org/W2157712763","https://openalex.org/W2161285826","https://openalex.org/W2169855795","https://openalex.org/W2240809602","https://openalex.org/W2324563088","https://openalex.org/W2325781286","https://openalex.org/W2337403359","https://openalex.org/W2341369367","https://openalex.org/W2484199279","https://openalex.org/W2502733878","https://openalex.org/W2612349747","https://openalex.org/W2783439927","https://openalex.org/W2786747132","https://openalex.org/W2995790200","https://openalex.org/W3111410037","https://openalex.org/W3139217907","https://openalex.org/W4213008290","https://openalex.org/W4236405998","https://openalex.org/W4299551239","https://openalex.org/W4385949878","https://openalex.org/W6602701683","https://openalex.org/W6603314243","https://openalex.org/W6677571816","https://openalex.org/W6684468573","https://openalex.org/W6686832893","https://openalex.org/W6720363850","https://openalex.org/W6769243966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,103],"Dirac":[1,104,199],"equation":[2],"is":[3,28,41,139,185],"presented":[4],"as":[5,12,30,208],"a":[6,13,31,53,57,77,117,140,186,195,209],"complete":[7],"theory":[8,201],"of":[9,24,50,63,146,165,188,198],"the":[10,44,48,149,169,172],"electron":[11,27,166,189,200],"gyromagnetic":[14],"particle":[15],"clock":[16],"with":[17,34,73,89,143,202],"precise":[18],"physical":[19],"interpretation":[20],"for":[21],"all":[22],"degrees":[23,145],"freedom.":[25],"modeled":[29],"point":[32],"charge":[33,45],"toroidal":[35],"zitter":[36],"and":[37,148],"variable":[38,78],"zilch.":[39],"That":[40],"to":[42,91],"say,":[43],"oscillates":[46],"at":[47,76],"speed":[49],"light":[51],"on":[52,56],"torus":[54],"centered":[55],"circular":[58],"orbit":[59],"around":[60],"its":[61,92],"center":[62],"mass":[64],"<inline-formula":[65,80,95,107,120,132,151,175],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[66,81,96,108,121,133,152,176],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[67,82,97,109,122,134,153,177],"<tex-math":[68,83,98,110,123,135,154,178],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathbf":[69,99],"{z}=\\mathbf":[70],"{z}(t)$":[71],"</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[72,130],"an":[74,163],"axis":[75],"angle":[79],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\beta":[84,179],"=\\beta":[85,180],"(\\mathbf":[86],"{z}(t))$":[87,183],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[88,115,138,161,184],"respect":[90],"spin":[93],"vector":[94],"{s}=\\mathbf":[100],"{s}(t)$":[101],"</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[102],"wave":[105],"function":[106,174],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\Psi":[111,124,155],"=\\Psi":[112],"(ct+\\mathbf":[113,181],"{x})$":[114,137],"has":[116],"unique":[118],"factorization":[119],"=(\\rho":[125],"e^{i\\beta":[126,159],"})^{\\scriptstyle":[127],"\\frac":[128],"{1}{2}}U$":[129],"where":[131,171],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$U=U(ct+\\mathbf":[136],"spatial":[141],"rotor":[142],"magnetic":[144],"freedom,":[147],"quantity":[150],"\\widetilde":[156],"{\\Psi":[157],"}=\\rho":[158],"}$":[160],"specifies":[162],"embedding":[164],"paths":[167],"in":[168,194],"vacuum,":[170],"zilch":[173,207],"{x}-\\mathbf":[182],"measure":[187],"energy":[190],"density.":[191],"It":[192],"culminates":[193],"new":[196],"synthesis":[197],"Maxwell\u2019s":[203],"electrodynamics":[204],"by":[205],"identifying":[206],"common":[210],"factor":[211],"that":[212],"binds":[213],"them":[214],"together.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
