{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407782429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3543867","title":"Two-Layer Intelligent Learning Control Using Output Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Long Short-Term Memory Broad Learning System With RMSprop","display_name":"Two-Layer Intelligent Learning Control Using Output Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Long Short-Term Memory Broad Learning System With RMSprop","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407782429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3543867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3543867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3543867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3543867","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058405909","display_name":"Ali Rospawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-2269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Rospawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-2269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039664226","display_name":"Ching\u2010Chih Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-9093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Chih Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-9093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036954842","display_name":"Chi-Chih Hung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7147-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Chih Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7147-3435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058405909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.4366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97620277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"34334","last_page":"34349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.8075000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.8075000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14225","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Control Systems","score":0.7652000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.7156999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7404952049255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.6048703789710999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5861337780952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-control","display_name":"Intelligent control","score":0.5560106635093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.523112952709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5215880274772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.5055756568908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3488316237926483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7404952049255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.6048703789710999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5861337780952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82327864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835100","display_name":"Intelligent control","level":2,"score":0.5560106635093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.523112952709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5215880274772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.5055756568908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3488316237926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3543867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3543867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3fc21caf4c44b88813df1980fede330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3fc21caf4c44b88813df1980fede330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 34334-34349 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3543867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3543867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1280545318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2221-E-005-077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G495983575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2221-E-005-077-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087373301","https://openalex.org/W2887576641","https://openalex.org/W2911437604","https://openalex.org/W2919469173","https://openalex.org/W2921150294","https://openalex.org/W2947697862","https://openalex.org/W2963698657","https://openalex.org/W2965794096","https://openalex.org/W2972143761","https://openalex.org/W2993836727","https://openalex.org/W3043748664","https://openalex.org/W3062301336","https://openalex.org/W3082792507","https://openalex.org/W3132064345","https://openalex.org/W3159790677","https://openalex.org/W3175249081","https://openalex.org/W3200685384","https://openalex.org/W4297509496","https://openalex.org/W4304123611","https://openalex.org/W4312706665","https://openalex.org/W4319068739","https://openalex.org/W4385489493","https://openalex.org/W4389528827","https://openalex.org/W4390284869","https://openalex.org/W4390481129","https://openalex.org/W4390706846","https://openalex.org/W4390904875","https://openalex.org/W4391305445","https://openalex.org/W4391306225","https://openalex.org/W4392902188","https://openalex.org/W4399976777","https://openalex.org/W4400644385","https://openalex.org/W4404467599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W135622916","https://openalex.org/W1745496292","https://openalex.org/W2171771336","https://openalex.org/W2153694619","https://openalex.org/W1572304478","https://openalex.org/W2743009361","https://openalex.org/W2037250252","https://openalex.org/W2387174571","https://openalex.org/W2533494567","https://openalex.org/W2380356206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Achieving":[0],"precise":[1],"and":[2,14,69,98,118,136,141,167,190,221],"robust":[3,214],"control":[4,25,92,169,210],"in":[5,12,74,165,175,184],"dynamic":[6],"environments":[7,217],"remains":[8,201],"a":[9,20,45,181,213],"challenge,":[10],"particularly":[11],"nonlinear":[13,66],"uncertain":[15],"systems.":[16],"This":[17,206],"paper":[18],"proposes":[19],"novel":[21],"two-layer":[22],"intelligent":[23,82,209],"learning":[24,41,113,137],"framework":[26],"to":[27,63,110,147],"address":[28],"these":[29],"issues,":[30],"integrating":[31],"an":[32,81,162,172],"output":[33],"recurrent":[34],"fuzzy":[35],"neural":[36],"long":[37],"short-term":[38],"memory":[39],"broad":[40],"system":[42,59,67],"(ORFNLSTM-BLS)":[43],"with":[44,157,171,218],"root":[46],"mean":[47],"squared":[48],"propagation":[49],"(RMSprop)":[50],"optimization":[51,103],"algorithm.":[52],"The":[53,77,101,122],"first":[54],"layer":[55,79],"focuses":[56],"on":[57,86],"real-time":[58,204],"identification,":[60],"leveraging":[61],"ORFNLSTM-BLS":[62],"learn":[64],"complex":[65],"dynamics":[68],"effectively":[70],"capture":[71],"long-term":[72],"dependencies":[73],"sequential":[75,219],"data.":[76],"second":[78],"implements":[80],"adaptive":[83],"controller":[84],"based":[85],"the":[87,125,150,158,196,199],"ORFNLSTM-BLS,":[88],"which":[89],"dynamically":[90],"adjusts":[91],"actions":[93],"for":[94,187,192,203,216],"time-varying":[95],"setpoint":[96],"tracking":[97,155],"disturbance":[99],"rejection.":[100],"RMSprop":[102],"algorithm":[104],"is":[105,128],"applied":[106],"across":[107],"both":[108],"layers":[109],"adaptively":[111],"regulate":[112],"rates,":[114],"ensuring":[115,133],"faster":[116],"convergence":[117,123],"mitigating":[119],"gradient":[120,134],"issues.":[121],"of":[124],"proposed":[126,151],"method":[127,152,200],"provided":[129],"through":[130],"five":[131],"theorems,":[132],"boundedness":[135],"rate":[138],"conditions.":[139],"Simulation":[140],"experimental":[142],"results":[143],"validate":[144],"that,":[145],"compared":[146],"conventional":[148],"PID,":[149],"achieves":[153],"superior":[154],"accuracy,":[156],"best":[159],"case":[160],"showing":[161],"82%":[163],"reduction":[164,174],"RMSE,":[166],"enhanced":[168],"efficiency,":[170],"85%":[173],"ITAE.":[176],"Additionally,":[177],"computational":[178],"analysis":[179],"shows":[180],"10%":[182],"increase":[183],"processing":[185],"time":[186],"SISO":[188],"tasks":[189],"84%":[191],"MIMO":[193],"cases.":[194],"Despite":[195],"higher":[197],"complexity,":[198],"feasible":[202],"applications.":[205],"work":[207],"advances":[208],"systems,":[211],"offering":[212],"solution":[215],"data":[220],"uncertainties.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-02-21T00:00:00"}
