{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407168272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3539572","title":"Review of Cryogenic Power Electronics for All-Electric Aircraft","display_name":"Review of Cryogenic Power Electronics for All-Electric Aircraft","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407168272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3539572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3539572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3539572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3539572","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072029684","display_name":"Abdelrahman Elwakeel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-9480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Elwakeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080050675","display_name":"Yuchuan Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchuan Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032622877","display_name":"Yudi Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-8014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013116803","display_name":"Rafael Pe\u00f1a\u2010Alzola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2451-6779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Pe\u00f1a Alzola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750171","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052219613","display_name":"Weijia Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-4704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijia Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072029684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.3997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9639867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"30646","last_page":"30664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-electronics","display_name":"Power electronics","score":0.5780309438705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.5572943091392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.509814441204071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power","display_name":"Electric power","score":0.4259060323238373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.42224451899528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.40938058495521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36597830057144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32188764214515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16219580173492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1354251205921173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.5780309438705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.5572943091392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.509814441204071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.4259060323238373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.42224451899528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.40938058495521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36597830057144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32188764214515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16219580173492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1354251205921173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3539572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3539572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:92129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1220324.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/92129/7/Elwakeel-etal-IEEEAccess-2025-Review-of-cryogenic-power-electronics-for-all-electric.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a0552a54b5b34aa9b2fe6f28245b1780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a0552a54b5b34aa9b2fe6f28245b1780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 30646-30664 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3539572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3539572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505398471","https://openalex.org/W1650803129","https://openalex.org/W1651733944","https://openalex.org/W1989352984","https://openalex.org/W2009943423","https://openalex.org/W2014885314","https://openalex.org/W2019237857","https://openalex.org/W2024562942","https://openalex.org/W2030360458","https://openalex.org/W2039001134","https://openalex.org/W2045275029","https://openalex.org/W2047839716","https://openalex.org/W2059457383","https://openalex.org/W2070964037","https://openalex.org/W2074625028","https://openalex.org/W2077890797","https://openalex.org/W2079706796","https://openalex.org/W2081180050","https://openalex.org/W2090646273","https://openalex.org/W2099048383","https://openalex.org/W2110894356","https://openalex.org/W2113059821","https://openalex.org/W2127394451","https://openalex.org/W2127634624","https://openalex.org/W2132084134","https://openalex.org/W2141607597","https://openalex.org/W2149297941","https://openalex.org/W2159390184","https://openalex.org/W2161287682","https://openalex.org/W2163759041","https://openalex.org/W2166428371","https://openalex.org/W2172204843","https://openalex.org/W2244560171","https://openalex.org/W2517199240","https://openalex.org/W2528497351","https://openalex.org/W2554650592","https://openalex.org/W2562345349","https://openalex.org/W2569750295","https://openalex.org/W2612683543","https://openalex.org/W2742380214","https://openalex.org/W2763552862","https://openalex.org/W2770099662","https://openalex.org/W2784022381","https://openalex.org/W2801437429","https://openalex.org/W2903649556","https://openalex.org/W2922163663","https://openalex.org/W2947068420","https://openalex.org/W2977873091","https://openalex.org/W2982414661","https://openalex.org/W3006630309","https://openalex.org/W3018816167","https://openalex.org/W3021371202","https://openalex.org/W3088679456","https://openalex.org/W3108033048","https://openalex.org/W3127009087","https://openalex.org/W3127613757","https://openalex.org/W3133502796","https://openalex.org/W3135176423","https://openalex.org/W3152598020","https://openalex.org/W3172701829","https://openalex.org/W3186733400","https://openalex.org/W3217609319","https://openalex.org/W3217728269","https://openalex.org/W4200110472","https://openalex.org/W4220897292","https://openalex.org/W4225868950","https://openalex.org/W4280489148","https://openalex.org/W4285820647","https://openalex.org/W4290714593","https://openalex.org/W4293080416","https://openalex.org/W4310814896","https://openalex.org/W4312536780","https://openalex.org/W4313193662","https://openalex.org/W4321608269","https://openalex.org/W4322576836","https://openalex.org/W4362448905","https://openalex.org/W4377000134","https://openalex.org/W4377692771","https://openalex.org/W4378843003","https://openalex.org/W4390911350","https://openalex.org/W4391092699","https://openalex.org/W4391528173","https://openalex.org/W4392543716","https://openalex.org/W6640961622","https://openalex.org/W6729061892","https://openalex.org/W6741667643","https://openalex.org/W6757058594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1710432674","https://openalex.org/W2065198926","https://openalex.org/W2115858155","https://openalex.org/W2914656451","https://openalex.org/W3176390680","https://openalex.org/W2371970260","https://openalex.org/W2492373545","https://openalex.org/W2228554074","https://openalex.org/W2084884443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"tackle":[1],"emissions":[2],"from":[3],"the":[4,56,116,119,131,135,170,173,184],"aviation":[5],"industry":[6],"and":[7,59,72,130,145,188],"make":[8],"it":[9,104],"sustainable,":[10],"research":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13,22],"targeting":[14],"electrifying":[15],"aircraft.":[16],"For":[17],"this":[18],"aim,":[19],"articles":[20],"have":[21],"focusing":[23],"on":[24,97],"how":[25,107,122],"to":[26,44,54,60,63,108,123,148],"replace":[27],"regular":[28],"jet":[29],"engines":[30],"with":[31,126],"liquid":[32],"hydrogen":[33,41,127],"as":[34,40,69,155,157],"fuel.":[35],"This":[36,89],"would":[37],"be":[38,87,149],"beneficial":[39],"is":[42],"expected":[43],"play":[45],"a":[46],"dual":[47],"role,":[48],"providing":[49],"fuel":[50,52,128],"for":[51,95,163],"cells":[53],"propel":[55],"aircraft":[57,99],"electrically":[58],"supply":[61],"cooling":[62],"enable":[64],"high-power":[65],"density":[66],"technologies":[67],"such":[68,180],"superconducting":[70],"machines":[71],"cryogenic":[73,83,92,113,166],"power":[74,80,84,93,110,152],"electronics":[75,94,111,153],"circuits.":[76],"However,":[77],"using":[78,176],"higher":[79],"density,":[81],"especially":[82],"electronics,":[85],"can":[86],"challenging.":[88],"article":[90,171],"investigates":[91],"use":[96,124,164],"all-electric":[98,120],"across":[100],"different":[101,139],"aspects,":[102],"where":[103],"lays":[105],"out":[106],"integrate":[109],"at":[112,165,179],"temperature":[114],"into":[115],"architecture":[117],"of":[118,134,175,190],"aircraft,":[121],"them":[125],"cells,":[129],"voltage":[132],"levels":[133],"system.":[136],"It":[137],"reviews":[138],"semiconductor":[140,177],"device":[141],"technologies,":[142],"circuit":[143],"topologies,":[144],"passive":[146],"devices":[147,178],"used":[150],"in":[151],"circuitry,":[154],"well":[156],"logic":[158],"circuits":[159],"that":[160],"are":[161],"suitable":[162],"temperatures.":[167],"In":[168],"addition,":[169],"discusses":[172],"challenges":[174],"low":[181],"temperatures,":[182],"including":[183],"reliability,":[185],"overall":[186],"cooling,":[187],"recycling":[189],"hydrogen.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
