{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407155111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538873","title":"AEFFNet: Attention Enhanced Feature Fusion Network for Small Object Detection in UAV Imagery","display_name":"AEFFNet: Attention Enhanced Feature Fusion Network for Small Object Detection in UAV Imagery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407155111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538873","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106064041","display_name":"Zhaoyu Nian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyu Nian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China","School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Hebei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112114313","display_name":"Yang Wenzhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China","School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Hebei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353521","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1639-7845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China","School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Hebei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106064041"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":51.0632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99731179,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"26494","last_page":"26505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7563531398773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6770817041397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6162910461425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6087605357170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.594342052936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.487409383058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45210760831832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2940744161605835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7563531398773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6770817041397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6162910461425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6087605357170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.594342052936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.487409383058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45210760831832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2940744161605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd18d05e4cb2472ba411a5f7257b03bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd18d05e4cb2472ba411a5f7257b03bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 26494-26505 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6380217382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2024201012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1132527629","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2797090510","https://openalex.org/W2810030371","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964444661","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2985384565","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2993756598","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3157386596","https://openalex.org/W3160439413","https://openalex.org/W3172087149","https://openalex.org/W3210586215","https://openalex.org/W4214946770","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4312823573","https://openalex.org/W4328125637","https://openalex.org/W4387419334","https://openalex.org/W4396545724","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W6628973269","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6682137061","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6742348326","https://openalex.org/W6745637532","https://openalex.org/W6746085279","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6770600958","https://openalex.org/W6771154167","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6844712807","https://openalex.org/W6848712460","https://openalex.org/W6853168692","https://openalex.org/W6868582632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W2737719445","https://openalex.org/W2898210368","https://openalex.org/W4239098401","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W2381986121","https://openalex.org/W2382480268","https://openalex.org/W4292830139","https://openalex.org/W4319309705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,14,81,121],"unmanned":[4],"aerial":[5],"vehicle":[6],"(UAV)":[7],"technology":[8],"has":[9],"markedly":[10],"increased":[11],"the":[12,31,78,98,113,131,138],"use":[13],"drone-captured":[15],"imagery":[16],"across":[17],"various":[18],"applications,":[19],"necessitating":[20],"enhanced":[21,48],"accuracy":[22],"and":[23,37,71,103,151],"real-time":[24],"performance":[25],"in":[26,41,59,94,146,155],"UAV":[27,60],"image":[28],"detection.":[29],"Addressing":[30],"specific":[32],"challenges":[33],"posed":[34],"by":[35,125],"small":[36,56,82,102,122],"densely":[38],"distributed":[39],"objects":[40,123],"such":[42],"images,":[43],"we":[44],"introduce":[45],"an":[46,85],"attention":[47,65,73],"feature":[49,79,88],"fusion":[50,89],"network":[51],"(AEFFNet)":[52],"designed":[53,75],"specifically":[54],"for":[55,101],"object":[57],"detection":[58,99],"imagery.":[61],"Firstly,":[62],"a":[63,107,118,143,152],"hybrid":[64],"module":[66,90],"with":[67,142],"associated":[68],"multi-axis":[69],"frequency":[70],"spatial":[72],"was":[74],"to":[76,96],"enhance":[77],"extraction":[80],"objects.":[83,105],"Secondly,":[84],"adjacent":[86],"layer":[87],"is":[91],"innovatively":[92],"proposed":[93],"order":[95],"boost":[97],"capabilities":[100],"occluded":[104],"Finally,":[106],"series":[108],"experiments":[109],"are":[110],"conducted":[111,129],"on":[112,130],"VisDrone2023":[114,132],"dataset,":[115,133],"which":[116],"involves":[117],"large":[119],"number":[120],"photographed":[124],"drones.":[126],"Our":[127],"evaluations,":[128],"demonstrate":[134],"substantial":[135],"improvements":[136],"over":[137],"YOLOv8m":[139],"baseline":[140],"model,":[141],"3.0%":[144],"increase":[145],"mean":[147],"Average":[148],"Precision":[149],"(mAP)":[150],"4.4%":[153],"rise":[154],"AP50.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}