{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407128417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538642","title":"Multimodal Emotion Recognition: Emotion Classification Through the Integration of EEG and Facial Expressions","display_name":"Multimodal Emotion Recognition: Emotion Classification Through the Integration of EEG and Facial Expressions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407128417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116144031","display_name":"Song\u00fcl Erdem G\u00fcler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3458-4355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197185219","display_name":"Istanbul K\u00fclt\u00fcr University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jvrwv37","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197185219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song\u00fcl Erdem G\u00fcler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul K&#x00FC;lt&#x00FC;r University, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3458-4355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul K&#x00FC;lt&#x00FC;r University, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197185219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000253980","display_name":"Fatma Patlar Akbulut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-7486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197185219","display_name":"Istanbul K\u00fclt\u00fcr University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jvrwv37","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197185219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126406","display_name":"Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y5rmj89","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]}],"countries":["CN","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatma Patlar Akbulut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul K&#x00FC;lt&#x00FC;r University, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-7486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul K&#x00FC;lt&#x00FC;r University, &#x0130;stanbul, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126406"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197185219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":17.3992,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99351903,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"24587","last_page":"24603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.8952999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.8952999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6957132816314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6918886303901672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.686543881893158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.599457859992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-classification","display_name":"Emotion classification","score":0.5823038816452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5722174644470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47428613901138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.46581602096557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43591582775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2788093090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07685324549674988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6957132816314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6918886303901672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.686543881893158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.599457859992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.5823038816452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5722174644470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47428613901138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.46581602096557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43591582775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2788093090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07685324549674988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8faef79cdaeb4fa5a1a8191f9eac1713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8faef79cdaeb4fa5a1a8191f9eac1713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 24587-24603 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002055708","https://openalex.org/W2004902747","https://openalex.org/W2004915807","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2085497785","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2525648609","https://openalex.org/W2755014019","https://openalex.org/W2888728157","https://openalex.org/W2899077601","https://openalex.org/W2963608065","https://openalex.org/W2967938166","https://openalex.org/W2981372722","https://openalex.org/W3003908700","https://openalex.org/W3008392994","https://openalex.org/W3035035250","https://openalex.org/W3043900038","https://openalex.org/W3084624816","https://openalex.org/W3094301935","https://openalex.org/W3194117586","https://openalex.org/W4205298037","https://openalex.org/W4220966602","https://openalex.org/W4229024336","https://openalex.org/W4254751698","https://openalex.org/W4283514732","https://openalex.org/W4309708382","https://openalex.org/W4317905303","https://openalex.org/W4321507406","https://openalex.org/W4323312548","https://openalex.org/W4360980387","https://openalex.org/W4361987556","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387306788","https://openalex.org/W4388342284","https://openalex.org/W4390642490","https://openalex.org/W6602002561","https://openalex.org/W6674330103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945121592","https://openalex.org/W2584926856","https://openalex.org/W2075935902","https://openalex.org/W3000867607","https://openalex.org/W2798351401","https://openalex.org/W2729544402","https://openalex.org/W2913821117","https://openalex.org/W2519456985","https://openalex.org/W1992768889","https://openalex.org/W1761974557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,113],"the":[3,8,16,26,39,71,77,81,114,152,177],"field":[4,10],"of":[5,18,28,73,80,91,102,156,179],"emotion":[6,43,116,157],"recognition,":[7],"research":[9],"still":[11],"faces":[12],"two":[13],"main":[14],"limitations:":[15],"use":[17],"deep":[19],"models":[20,55,174],"for":[21],"increasingly":[22],"complex":[23,144],"calculations":[24],"and":[25,63,99,109,147,154],"identification":[27],"emotions":[29],"through":[30],"various":[31,169],"data":[32,98,170],"types.":[33],"This":[34,137],"study":[35],"aims":[36],"to":[37],"advance":[38],"knowledge":[40],"on":[41,95,106],"multimodal":[42,107,128],"recognition":[44,158],"by":[45,122],"combining":[46],"electroencephalography":[47],"(EEG)":[48],"signals":[49],"with":[50,172],"facial":[51,110],"expressions,":[52],"using":[53],"advanced":[54,173],"such":[56],"as":[57],"Transformer,":[58],"Long":[59],"Short-Term":[60],"Memory":[61],"(LSTM),":[62],"Gated":[64,82],"Recurrent":[65,83],"Unit":[66,84],"(GRU).":[67],"The":[68,118],"results":[69,161],"validate":[70],"effectiveness":[72],"this":[74],"approach,":[75],"demonstrating":[76],"high":[78],"accuracy":[79,94,105,155],"(GRU)":[85],"model,":[86],"which":[87],"achieved":[88],"an":[89,100],"average":[90,101],"91.8%":[92],"classification":[93,104,126],"unimodal":[96,135],"(EEG-only)":[97],"97.8%":[103],"(EEG":[108],"expressions)":[111],"datasets":[112],"multi-class":[115,125],"categories.":[117],"findings":[119],"emphasize":[120],"that":[121,142],"applying":[123],"a":[124,140],"framework,":[127],"approaches":[129],"offer":[130],"significant":[131],"improvements":[132],"over":[133],"traditional":[134],"techniques.":[136],"work":[138],"presents":[139],"framework":[141],"captures":[143],"neural":[145],"dynamics":[146],"visible":[148],"emotional":[149],"cues,":[150],"enhancing":[151],"robustness":[153],"systems.":[159,181],"These":[160],"have":[162],"important":[163],"practical":[164],"implications,":[165],"showing":[166],"how":[167],"integrating":[168],"sources":[171],"can":[175],"overcome":[176],"limitations":[178],"single-modality":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
