{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407155131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538566","title":"Boosting Cervical Cancer Prediction Leveraging a Hybrid FT-Transformer Model","display_name":"Boosting Cervical Cancer Prediction Leveraging a Hybrid FT-Transformer Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407155131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538566","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108334796","display_name":"Md Emamul Hossen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Emamul Hossen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3802-444X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073940789","display_name":"S M Mahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7205-9390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Mahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7205-9390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065105240","display_name":"Shakib Al Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shakib Al Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-8382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671172","display_name":"Md Khairul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-1536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Khairul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-1536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092505798","display_name":"Md Shohidul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-8607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Shohidul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Kushtia Medical College, Kushtia, Bangladesh","Department of Neurology, Kushtia Medical College, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Kushtia Medical College, Kushtia, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Kushtia Medical College, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504083","display_name":"Salah Ud\u2010Din Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-3418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salahuddin Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O.Box 800, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-3418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O.Box 800, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039774990","display_name":"Mohammad Alibakhshikenari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8263-1572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Alibakhshikenari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome &#x201C;Tor Vergata&#x201D;, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8263-1572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome &#x201C;Tor Vergata&#x201D;, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077376054","display_name":"Peiman Parand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-9274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiman Parand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome &#x201C;Tor Vergata&#x201D;, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6135-5745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome &#x201C;Tor Vergata&#x201D;, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072341637","display_name":"Md Sipon Miah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-1517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Sipon Miah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":19.2504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99094905,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"26876","last_page":"26896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9233999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9233999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.7875437140464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6060354113578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5573124289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44004976749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-cancer","display_name":"Cervical cancer","score":0.42283138632774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3655892014503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1550087332725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.15270328521728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10939866304397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09613296389579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08885696530342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.07952240109443665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7875437140464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6060354113578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5573124289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44004976749420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160105","display_name":"Cervical cancer","level":3,"score":0.42283138632774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3655892014503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1550087332725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.15270328521728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10939866304397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09613296389579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08885696530342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07952240109443665}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0202dee09aff4b5a84d70002a3358605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0202dee09aff4b5a84d70002a3358605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 26876-26896 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3538566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3538566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536916385","https://openalex.org/W2037043485","https://openalex.org/W2057063866","https://openalex.org/W2066064555","https://openalex.org/W2086308564","https://openalex.org/W2120093363","https://openalex.org/W2123708352","https://openalex.org/W2131255017","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2166632132","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2945020349","https://openalex.org/W2947863700","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2995119872","https://openalex.org/W3000322995","https://openalex.org/W3011742849","https://openalex.org/W3022137971","https://openalex.org/W3033652527","https://openalex.org/W3045004532","https://openalex.org/W3116286104","https://openalex.org/W3188865129","https://openalex.org/W3216277563","https://openalex.org/W4200173872","https://openalex.org/W4210510240","https://openalex.org/W4210761531","https://openalex.org/W4211097225","https://openalex.org/W4239819457","https://openalex.org/W4295297537","https://openalex.org/W4315853183","https://openalex.org/W4318183034","https://openalex.org/W4393281695","https://openalex.org/W4396219774","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6775180354","https://openalex.org/W6838977550","https://openalex.org/W6862525842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3082059448","https://openalex.org/W4313640622","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cervical":[0],"Cancer":[1],"(CC)":[2],"remains":[3],"a":[4,16,61,111],"significant":[5,152],"threat":[6],"to":[7,42,154],"women\u2019s":[8],"health,":[9],"despite":[10],"being":[11],"largely":[12],"preventable,":[13],"and":[14,23,31,71,92,119,134,158],"is":[15,26],"leading":[17],"cause":[18],"of":[19],"mortality":[20],"worldwide.":[21],"Early":[22],"accurate":[24],"prediction":[25],"crucial":[27],"for":[28,77,129,132,136],"timely":[29],"treatment":[30],"improved":[32],"survival":[33],"rates,":[34],"particularly":[35],"given":[36],"the":[37,100,144],"diverse":[38],"risk":[39],"factors":[40],"contributing":[41],"CC":[43,79,156],"development.":[44],"To":[45],"address":[46],"this":[47],"critical":[48],"clinical":[49],"need,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"an":[53],"innovative":[54],"Hybrid":[55],"FT-Transformer":[56],"model":[57,124],"that":[58],"synergistically":[59],"integrates":[60],"Feature":[62],"Tokenization":[63],"(FT)":[64],"Transformer":[65],"with":[66,151],"Depthwise":[67],"convolutional":[68],"neural":[69],"networks":[70,76],"Long":[72],"Short-Term":[73],"Memory":[74],"(LSTM)":[75],"precise":[78],"prediction.":[80],"Explainable":[81],"Artificial":[82],"Intelligence":[83],"(XAI)":[84],"tools,":[85],"including":[86],"Local":[87],"Interpretable":[88],"Model-agnostic":[89],"Explanations":[90,95],"(LIME)":[91],"Shapley":[93],"Additive":[94],"(SHAP),":[96],"provide":[97],"insights":[98],"into":[99],"model\u2019s":[101,145],"decision-making":[102],"process,":[103],"aiding":[104],"in":[105],"validation":[106],"by":[107],"clinicians.":[108],"Trained":[109],"on":[110,116],"UCI":[112],"repository":[113],"dataset":[114],"focusing":[115],"Hinselmann,":[117,130],"Biopsy,":[118,133],"Schiller":[120],"outcomes,":[121],"our":[122],"proposed":[123],"achieved":[125],"outstanding":[126],"accuracies:":[127],"99.09%":[128],"98.90%":[131],"98.75%":[135],"Schiller,":[137],"using":[138],"10-fold":[139],"cross-validation.":[140],"These":[141],"results":[142],"highlight":[143],"superiority":[146],"over":[147],"current":[148],"state-of-the-art":[149],"approaches,":[150],"potential":[153],"enhance":[155],"screening":[157],"early":[159],"diagnosis,":[160],"ultimately":[161],"improving":[162],"patient":[163],"outcomes.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
