{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407128786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537981","title":"Cityscape-Adverse: Benchmarking Robustness of Semantic Segmentation With Realistic Scene Modifications via Diffusion-Based Image Editing","display_name":"Cityscape-Adverse: Benchmarking Robustness of Semantic Segmentation With Realistic Scene Modifications via Diffusion-Based Image Editing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407128786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537981","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014948269","display_name":"Naufal Suryanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naufal Suryanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["IoT Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IoT Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047341850","display_name":"Andro Aprila Adiputra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andro Aprila Adiputra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107673211","display_name":"Ahmada Yusril Kadiptya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8612-9812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmada Yusril Kadiptya","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004516421","display_name":"Thi-Thu-Huong Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-9396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thi-Thu-Huong Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Platform Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Platform Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038676408","display_name":"Derry Pratama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-3017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derry Pratama","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048752875","display_name":"Yongsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6169-5537"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["SmartM2M, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SmartM2M, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101975138","display_name":"Howon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8475-7294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014948269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.4751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95103048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"69921","last_page":"69940"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.913100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.913100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9085000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7879685163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7603258490562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6812024116516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cityscape","display_name":"Cityscape","score":0.6803192496299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6152091026306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6128929257392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6093257665634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5626111626625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4109801948070526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7879685163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7603258490562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6812024116516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779685930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1935974","display_name":"Cityscape","level":2,"score":0.6803192496299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6152091026306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6128929257392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6093257665634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5626111626625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4109801948070526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:43af9a6e7d1e47dcb3cd9e0a1b9a3d93","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/43af9a6e7d1e47dcb3cd9e0a1b9a3d93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 69921-69940 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2976754781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-II22120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2748021867","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2892614179","https://openalex.org/W2952735550","https://openalex.org/W2964217532","https://openalex.org/W2996102538","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3037492894","https://openalex.org/W3114677757","https://openalex.org/W3115000224","https://openalex.org/W3133542152","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3171888599","https://openalex.org/W3207649350","https://openalex.org/W4311166797","https://openalex.org/W4312298950","https://openalex.org/W4312497550","https://openalex.org/W4312688875","https://openalex.org/W4312815172","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4319301015","https://openalex.org/W4320525814","https://openalex.org/W4386076215","https://openalex.org/W4390873054","https://openalex.org/W4394625831","https://openalex.org/W4399929809","https://openalex.org/W4402569794","https://openalex.org/W4402978442","https://openalex.org/W6766313662","https://openalex.org/W6766820212","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6795475546","https://openalex.org/W6797399245","https://openalex.org/W6799920461","https://openalex.org/W6802941974","https://openalex.org/W6854511533","https://openalex.org/W6859439293","https://openalex.org/W6861800164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974241303","https://openalex.org/W2365698185","https://openalex.org/W2278970506","https://openalex.org/W2383527859","https://openalex.org/W2066186317","https://openalex.org/W2412710217","https://openalex.org/W2348479303","https://openalex.org/W2971993722","https://openalex.org/W2382644551","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,37,41,67,85,128],"generative":[3],"AI,":[4],"particularly":[5,139],"diffusion-based":[6,57,83],"image":[7,58],"editing,":[8],"have":[9,111],"enabled":[10],"the":[11,42,74,80,92,112],"transformation":[12],"of":[13,44,82,94],"images":[14],"into":[15],"highly":[16],"realistic":[17,87],"scenes":[18],"using":[19],"only":[20],"text":[21],"instructions.":[22],"This":[23],"technology":[24],"offers":[25],"significant":[26,143],"potential":[27],"for":[28],"generating":[29,86],"diverse":[30],"synthetic":[31,123],"datasets":[32,124,173],"to":[33,60,168],"evaluate":[34,79],"model":[35,116],"robustness":[36,127],"real-world":[38,129],"applications,":[39],"especially":[40],"era":[43],"autonomous":[45],"driving.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,107],"introduce":[51],"Cityscape-Adverse,":[52],"a":[53],"benchmark":[54],"that":[55,135,157],"employs":[56],"editing":[59],"simulate":[61],"eight":[62],"adverse":[63,130],"conditions,":[64,148],"including":[65],"variations":[66],"weather,":[68],"lighting,":[69],"and":[70,90,97,118,172],"seasons,":[71],"while":[72,149],"preserving":[73],"original":[75],"semantic":[76,99],"labels.":[77],"We":[78,155],"reliability":[81],"models":[84,101,151,158],"scene":[88],"modifications":[89,110],"assess":[91],"performance":[93,117,144],"state-of-the-art":[95],"CNN":[96],"Transformer-based":[98,150],"segmentation":[100],"under":[102,146],"these":[103],"challenging":[104],"conditions.":[105],"Additionally,":[106],"analyze":[108],"which":[109],"greatest":[113],"impact":[114],"on":[115,122,160],"explore":[119],"how":[120],"training":[121],"can":[125],"improve":[126],"scenarios.":[131],"Our":[132],"results":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"all":[136],"tested":[137],"models,":[138],"CNN-based":[140],"architectures,":[141],"experienced":[142],"degradation":[145],"extreme":[147],"exhibited":[152],"greater":[153],"resilience.":[154],"verify":[156],"trained":[159],"Cityscape-Adverse":[161],"show":[162],"significantly":[163],"enhanced":[164],"resilience":[165],"when":[166],"applied":[167],"unseen":[169],"domains.":[170],"Code":[171],"will":[174],"be":[175],"released":[176],"at":[177],"<uri":[178],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[179],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/naufalso/cityscape-adverse</uri>.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
