{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391673197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537583","title":"Detection Schemes With Low-Resolution ADCs and Spatial Oversampling for Transmission With Higher-Order Constellations in Terahertz Band","display_name":"Detection Schemes With Low-Resolution ADCs and Spatial Oversampling for Transmission With Higher-Order Constellations in Terahertz Band","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391673197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069511025","display_name":"Christian Forsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9135-2207"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Forsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9135-2207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059430143","display_name":"Peter Zillmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Zillmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, Nürnberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, Nürnberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045439293","display_name":"Osama N. Alrabadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osama Alrabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, Nürnberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, Nürnberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017571669","display_name":"Stefan Brueck","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Brueck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, Nürnberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm CDMA Technologies, Nürnberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050486496","display_name":"Wolfgang Gerstacker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-7829"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Gerstacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-7829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0005525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"24643","last_page":"24660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9271000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9254999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.9615535736083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.8237142562866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.8200082182884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5971224904060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4430930018424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4256572425365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4235285818576813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4024716913700104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.29162290692329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2873339056968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15314936637878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.11565712094306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.07468536496162415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.9615535736083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.8237142562866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.8200082182884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5971224904060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4430930018424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4256572425365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4235285818576813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4024716913700104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.29162290692329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2873339056968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15314936637878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.11565712094306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.07468536496162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2402.04728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.04728","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.04728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1818ce5c8564eab9aaa4c53338a4bb6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1818ce5c8564eab9aaa4c53338a4bb6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 24643-24660 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605564925","https://openalex.org/W1551668724","https://openalex.org/W1562920898","https://openalex.org/W1776974347","https://openalex.org/W1940393681","https://openalex.org/W1967403688","https://openalex.org/W1976968879","https://openalex.org/W1981422042","https://openalex.org/W2017611992","https://openalex.org/W2036459360","https://openalex.org/W2040280143","https://openalex.org/W2043112871","https://openalex.org/W2061770415","https://openalex.org/W2095786348","https://openalex.org/W2098725264","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2103898286","https://openalex.org/W2104274980","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2134179788","https://openalex.org/W2135066378","https://openalex.org/W2158496620","https://openalex.org/W2158514137","https://openalex.org/W2189415357","https://openalex.org/W2478613266","https://openalex.org/W2493390539","https://openalex.org/W2779097215","https://openalex.org/W2782637457","https://openalex.org/W2800844987","https://openalex.org/W2804438753","https://openalex.org/W2990587018","https://openalex.org/W3000443118","https://openalex.org/W3045086480","https://openalex.org/W3046152724","https://openalex.org/W3111797484","https://openalex.org/W3127946700","https://openalex.org/W3149804497","https://openalex.org/W3186103276","https://openalex.org/W3194281015","https://openalex.org/W3200156946","https://openalex.org/W3210159792","https://openalex.org/W3212914760","https://openalex.org/W4313413714","https://openalex.org/W4376478337","https://openalex.org/W4379619469","https://openalex.org/W4387129546","https://openalex.org/W4387869932","https://openalex.org/W4391594001","https://openalex.org/W6797783778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766503024","https://openalex.org/W2781247653","https://openalex.org/W4206637278","https://openalex.org/W4386005305","https://openalex.org/W4386214543","https://openalex.org/W3082051559","https://openalex.org/W1969988626","https://openalex.org/W1682621979","https://openalex.org/W2141301039","https://openalex.org/W3173198409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,63,77,171],"consider":[4],"Terahertz":[5],"(THz)":[6],"communications":[7],"with":[8,49,177],"low-resolution":[9],"uniform":[10],"quantization":[11,46,74,125,134,196],"and":[12,44,62,67,90,137,160,183,198],"spatial":[13],"oversampling":[14,51],"at":[15,128],"the":[16,36,56,59,65,79,85,107,112,116,122,173,201,211],"receiver":[17],"side,":[18],"corresponding":[19],"to":[20,111,179],"a":[21,102,156,161],"single-input":[22],"multiple-output":[23],"(SIMO)":[24],"transmission.":[25],"We":[26,53,146],"fairly":[27],"compare":[28],"different":[29,50,86],"analog-to-digital":[30],"converter":[31],"(ADC)":[32],"parametrizations":[33],"by":[34,151,208],"keeping":[35],"ADC":[37],"power":[38],"consumption":[39],"constant.":[40],"Here,":[41],"1-,":[42],"2-,":[43],"3-bit":[45,138],"is":[47,101,119],"investigated":[48],"factors.":[52],"analytically":[54],"compute":[55],"statistics":[57],"of":[58,84,106,124],"detection":[60,70],"variable,":[61],"propose":[64],"optimal":[66,113],"several":[68],"suboptimal":[69,108],"schemes":[71],"for":[72,88,181,190,194],"arbitrary":[73,195],"resolutions.":[75],"Then,":[76,170],"evaluate":[78],"symbol":[80],"error":[81],"rate":[82],"(SER)":[83],"detectors":[87,109],"16-":[89],"64-ary":[91],"quadrature":[92],"amplitude":[93],"modulation":[94],"(QAM).":[95],"The":[96,186],"results":[97,150,187],"indicate":[98],"that":[99,200],"there":[100],"noticeable":[103],"performance":[104],"degradation":[105],"compared":[110],"detector":[114],"when":[115,142],"constellation":[117,176,212],"size":[118],"larger":[120],"than":[121],"number":[123],"levels.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"low":[129],"signal-to-noise":[130],"ratios":[131],"(SNRs),":[132],"1-bit":[133],"outperforms":[135],"2-":[136],"quantization,":[139],"respectively,":[140],"even":[141],"employing":[143],"higher-order":[144,192],"constellations.":[145],"confirm":[147],"our":[148],"analytical":[149],"Monte":[152],"Carlo":[153],"simulations.":[154],"Both":[155],"pure":[157],"line-of-sight":[158],"(LoS)":[159],"more":[162],"realistically":[163],"modeled":[164],"indoor":[165],"THz":[166],"channel":[167],"are":[168],"considered.":[169],"optimize":[172],"input":[174],"signal":[175],"respect":[178],"SER":[180,203],"1-":[182],"2-bit":[184],"quantization.":[185],"give":[188],"insights":[189],"optimizing":[191],"constellations":[193],"resolutions":[197],"show":[199],"minimum":[202],"can":[204],"be":[205],"lowered":[206],"significantly":[207],"appropriately":[209],"placing":[210],"points.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}