{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407025187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537096","title":"Mobility Aware Spectrum Handoff in 6G-Enabled Cognitive Radio Vehicular Centralized and Ad-Hoc Networks","display_name":"Mobility Aware Spectrum Handoff in 6G-Enabled Cognitive Radio Vehicular Centralized and Ad-Hoc Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407025187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537096","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014485127","display_name":"Shanidul Hoque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-5716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanidul Hoque","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-5716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089113203","display_name":"Hemanta Kumar Sahu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0530-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hemanta Kumar Sahu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0530-9061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036428646","display_name":"Md. Nazibul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-7446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Nazibul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-7446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065552943","display_name":"Rajesh Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-6081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151903974","display_name":"National Institute Of Technology Silchar","ror":"https://ror.org/001ws2a36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, NIT Silchar, Silchar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-6081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, NIT Silchar, Silchar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151903974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72217078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"22800","last_page":"22811"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8146085143089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7611935138702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.7177228331565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7117276191711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.6641051769256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.5776070356369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.36077845096588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25179970264434814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8146085143089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7611935138702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.7177228331565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7117276191711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.6641051769256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.5776070356369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.36077845096588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25179970264434814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-551465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-551465","pdf_url":"https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1940127/FULLTEXT01","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:43c7b88da3114a98b2210db8c4404b80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/43c7b88da3114a98b2210db8c4404b80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 22800-22811 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3537096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3537096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2427077366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRG/2019/001744","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322838","display_name":"VIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982637280","https://openalex.org/W2050920715","https://openalex.org/W2066815700","https://openalex.org/W2077132912","https://openalex.org/W2099890365","https://openalex.org/W2164796247","https://openalex.org/W2474004958","https://openalex.org/W2593761692","https://openalex.org/W2620306198","https://openalex.org/W2623531683","https://openalex.org/W2752425046","https://openalex.org/W2770698005","https://openalex.org/W2779618876","https://openalex.org/W2790138726","https://openalex.org/W2854305868","https://openalex.org/W2915845487","https://openalex.org/W2921761821","https://openalex.org/W2933746944","https://openalex.org/W2943159694","https://openalex.org/W2970332384","https://openalex.org/W2986065665","https://openalex.org/W2995186087","https://openalex.org/W3005301866","https://openalex.org/W3009857620","https://openalex.org/W3023361730","https://openalex.org/W3036375400","https://openalex.org/W3196484298","https://openalex.org/W4388739107","https://openalex.org/W4389776594","https://openalex.org/W4400033223","https://openalex.org/W6772431025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W2771454953","https://openalex.org/W3046762796","https://openalex.org/W3202102306","https://openalex.org/W3046260513","https://openalex.org/W2998294818","https://openalex.org/W45347327","https://openalex.org/W2020269557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,142],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,107,144,170],"propose":[4],"an":[5],"integrated":[6,219],"model":[7,38,89,221],"of":[8,17,49,150,174,179],"the":[9,39,50,84,101,109,122,146,164,172,184,199,211,217],"cell-based":[10],"and":[11,44,60,80,90,114,136,148,162,181,187,201],"pool-based":[12],"spectrum":[13,26,62],"handoff":[14],"(SH)":[15],"process":[16],"a":[18,24,30,53,151],"non-stationary":[19,152],"cognitive":[20,32],"user":[21,86],"(CU)":[22],"under":[23,52],"heterogeneous":[25],"environment":[27],"(HetSE)":[28],"in":[29,126,154,222],"6G-enabled":[31],"radio":[33],"cellular":[34],"network":[35,129],"(CRCN).":[36],"We":[37,205],"Link":[40,45],"Maintenance":[41],"Probability":[42,47],"(LMP)":[43],"Failure":[46],"(LFP)":[48],"CUs":[51,182],"Heterogeneous":[54],"Spectrum":[55],"Environment":[56],"(HSE)":[57],"with":[58],"licenced":[59],"unlicensed":[61],"pools.":[63],"These":[64],"performance":[65,123,185,195,212],"measuring":[66,124,213],"metrics":[67,125,214],"are":[68],"derived":[69],"for":[70,105,210],"various":[71,167,175],"SH":[72,194,220],"schemes:":[73],"intracell/intrapool":[74],"SH,":[75,77,79,82],"intracell/interpool":[76],"intercell/intrapool":[78],"intercell/interpool":[81],"considering":[83],"primary":[85],"(PU)":[87],"activity":[88],"CU":[91,153],"mobility.":[92],"Considering":[93],"<inline-formula":[94,115,155],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[95,116,156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[96,117,157],"<tex-math":[97,118,158],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$D_{th}$":[98,119],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[99,120,160],"as":[100,196],"waiting":[102],"threshold":[103],"period":[104],"CU,":[106],"analyze":[108],"effect":[110,173],"PU\u2019s":[111],"arrival":[112],"rate":[113],"on":[121,183],"two":[127],"different":[128],"architectures:":[130],"Cognitive":[131,137],"Radio-Vehicular":[132,138],"Ad-Hoc":[133],"Network":[134,140],"(CR-VANET)":[135],"Centralized":[139],"(CR-VCNET).":[141],"addition,":[143],"derive":[145],"LMP":[147],"LFP":[149],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k^{th}$":[159],"cell":[161],"compare":[163],"results":[165],"among":[166],"cells.":[168],"Further,":[169],"realize":[171],"service":[176,189],"time":[177,190],"distributions":[178],"PUs":[180],"metrics,":[186],"lognormal":[188],"distribution":[191,203],"offers":[192],"better":[193],"compared":[197],"to":[198,215],"exponential":[200],"Erlangen":[202],"models.":[204],"also":[206],"perform":[207],"Monte-Carlo":[208],"simulation":[209],"validate":[216],"proposed":[218],"CRCNs.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}