{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406947290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3536300","title":"A Hybrid Contextual Embedding and Hierarchical Attention for Improving the Performance of Word Sense Disambiguation","display_name":"A Hybrid Contextual Embedding and Hierarchical Attention for Improving the Performance of Word Sense Disambiguation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406947290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3536300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3536300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3536300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3536300","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116074645","display_name":"Robbel Habtamu Yigzaw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4537092","display_name":"Addis Ababa University","ror":"https://ror.org/038b8e254","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4537092"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robbel Habtamu Yigzaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7432-1489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636","https://openalex.org/I4537092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636","https://openalex.org/I4537092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079891074","display_name":"Beakal Gizachew Assefa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-5216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4537092","display_name":"Addis Ababa University","ror":"https://ror.org/038b8e254","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4537092"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beakal Gizachew Assefa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-5216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636","https://openalex.org/I4537092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636","https://openalex.org/I4537092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028555608","display_name":"Elefelious Getachew Belay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-6295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4537092","display_name":"Addis Ababa University","ror":"https://ror.org/038b8e254","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4537092"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elefelious Getachew Belay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-6295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636","https://openalex.org/I4537092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636","https://openalex.org/I4537092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.5175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9169627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"21744","last_page":"21758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9174000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9039000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7887407541275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-sense-disambiguation","display_name":"Word-sense disambiguation","score":0.7609384059906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6131793260574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5824369788169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.5634720325469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5304127335548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48932167887687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semeval","display_name":"SemEval","score":0.46770426630973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense","display_name":"Sense (electronics)","score":0.42700234055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.257279634475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wordnet","display_name":"WordNet","score":0.07925847172737122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7887407541275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51646954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48522","display_name":"Word-sense disambiguation","level":3,"score":0.7609384059906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6131793260574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5824369788169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.5634720325469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5304127335548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48932167887687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44572571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448970","display_name":"SemEval","level":3,"score":0.46770426630973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143141573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450971","display_name":"Sense (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.42700234055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.257279634475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157659113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533822","display_name":"WordNet","level":2,"score":0.07925847172737122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3536300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3536300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:baffb0279a844626a4a29b7001afed07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/baffb0279a844626a4a29b7001afed07","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 21744-21758 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3536300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3536300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199321604","https://openalex.org/W950853366","https://openalex.org/W1971220772","https://openalex.org/W2035717317","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2094618127","https://openalex.org/W2101454539","https://openalex.org/W2112796553","https://openalex.org/W2120699290","https://openalex.org/W2127289991","https://openalex.org/W2131540451","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2436001372","https://openalex.org/W2438439141","https://openalex.org/W2480273168","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2507974895","https://openalex.org/W2516255829","https://openalex.org/W2518202280","https://openalex.org/W2747680751","https://openalex.org/W2757205734","https://openalex.org/W2767814203","https://openalex.org/W2798761464","https://openalex.org/W2799943683","https://openalex.org/W2807662990","https://openalex.org/W2891670090","https://openalex.org/W2897507397","https://openalex.org/W2944312134","https://openalex.org/W2963212717","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970166416","https://openalex.org/W2970773744","https://openalex.org/W2992318613","https://openalex.org/W2997292130","https://openalex.org/W2998230451","https://openalex.org/W3017131514","https://openalex.org/W3034782826","https://openalex.org/W3038047120","https://openalex.org/W3136778668","https://openalex.org/W3146681443","https://openalex.org/W3147517805","https://openalex.org/W3184324824","https://openalex.org/W3204324480","https://openalex.org/W4225538004","https://openalex.org/W4230660356","https://openalex.org/W4230712329","https://openalex.org/W4246166327","https://openalex.org/W4292471202","https://openalex.org/W4297859416","https://openalex.org/W4319777969","https://openalex.org/W4327809385","https://openalex.org/W4377028551","https://openalex.org/W4377081223","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4389524470","https://openalex.org/W4394011577","https://openalex.org/W4399037318","https://openalex.org/W4402222886","https://openalex.org/W6631151704","https://openalex.org/W6675060156","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6681728980","https://openalex.org/W6686568201","https://openalex.org/W6691161265","https://openalex.org/W6691618750","https://openalex.org/W6734405601","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6767913650","https://openalex.org/W6988053594","https://openalex.org/W7024454741","https://openalex.org/W7048537841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101293500","https://openalex.org/W2384058382","https://openalex.org/W2000205775","https://openalex.org/W2251529656","https://openalex.org/W2324822715","https://openalex.org/W2330879361","https://openalex.org/W4287588159","https://openalex.org/W2140343536","https://openalex.org/W2188275805","https://openalex.org/W3012220652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Word":[0],"Sense":[1],"Disambiguation":[2],"is":[3,73,122],"determining":[4],"the":[5,115,123,187,195,221,254,258,261],"correct":[6],"sense":[7,192],"of":[8,117,197,210,223,263],"an":[9,75,83,208],"ambiguous":[10],"word":[11,191,240,255],"within":[12],"context.":[13],"It":[14],"plays":[15],"a":[16,63,198,213,237],"crucial":[17],"role":[18],"in":[19,39,107,110,155,173,226,265],"natural":[20,269],"language":[21,35,270],"applications":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24],"machine":[25],"translation,":[26],"question-answering,":[27],"chatbots,":[28],"information":[29,228],"retrieval,":[30],"sentiment":[31],"analysis,":[32],"and":[33,59,71,90,101,143,246],"overall":[34],"comprehension.":[36],"Recent":[37],"advancements":[38],"this":[40,55,79],"area":[41],"have":[42],"focused":[43],"on":[44,137,165,212],"utilizing":[45],"deep":[46],"contextual":[47,132,227],"models":[48,159],"to":[49,93,125,161,180],"address":[50],"these":[51],"challenges.":[52],"However,":[53],"despite":[54],"positive":[56],"progress,":[57],"semantical":[58],"syntactical":[60],"ambiguity":[61],"remains":[62],"challenge,":[64],"especially":[65],"when":[66],"dealing":[67],"with":[68,131],"polysomy":[69],"words,":[70],"it":[72,169],"considered":[74],"AI-complete":[76],"problem.":[77],"In":[78],"work,":[80],"we":[81,215],"propose":[82],"approach":[84],"that":[85,149],"integrates":[86],"hierarchical":[87,127],"attention":[88,128,248],"mechanisms":[89,129],"BERT":[91],"embeddings":[92,241],"enhance":[94],"WSD":[95],"performance.":[96,244],"Our":[97,218],"model,":[98],"incorporating":[99],"local":[100],"global":[102,247],"attention,":[103],"demonstrates":[104,170],"significant":[105],"improvements":[106],"accuracy,":[108],"particularly":[109,252],"complex":[111],"sentence":[112],"structures.":[113],"To":[114],"best":[116],"our":[118,120,150,205],"knowledge,":[119],"model":[121,151,188,206],"first":[124],"incorporate":[126],"integrated":[130],"embedding.":[133],"We":[134,184],"conducted":[135],"experiment":[136],"publicly":[138],"available":[139],"datasets":[140],"for":[141,189,202,230],"English":[142,166],"Italian":[144,174],"language.":[145],"Experimental":[146],"results":[147,154,259],"show":[148],"achieves":[152],"state-of-the-art":[153],"WSD,":[156,175,204,266],"surpassing":[157],"baseline":[158],"up":[160,179],"2.9%":[162],"F1":[163,182],"accuracy":[164,209],"WSD.":[167,231],"Additionally,":[168],"superior":[171],"performance":[172],"outperforming":[176],"existing":[177],"papers":[178],"0.7%":[181],"accuracy.":[183],"further":[185,249],"adapted":[186],"Amharic":[190,203],"disambiguation.":[193],"Despite":[194],"absence":[196],"standard":[199],"benchmark":[200],"dataset":[201,214],"achieved":[207],"92.4%":[211],"prepared":[216],"ourselves.":[217],"findings":[219],"underscore":[220],"significance":[222],"linguistic":[224],"features":[225],"capture":[229],"While":[232],"Part-of-Speech":[233],"(POS)":[234],"tagging":[235],"has":[236],"limited":[238],"impact,":[239],"significantly":[242],"influence":[243],"Local":[245],"improve":[250],"results,":[251],"at":[253],"level.":[256],"Overall":[257],"emphasize":[260],"importance":[262],"context":[264],"advancing":[267],"context-aware":[268],"processing":[271],"systems.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}