{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406727930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532747","title":"Protecting Medical Images Using a Zero-Watermarking Approach Based on Fractional Racah Moments","display_name":"Protecting Medical Images Using a Zero-Watermarking Approach Based on Fractional Racah Moments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406727930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3532747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532747","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106884378","display_name":"Karim El\u2010Khanchouli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim El-Khanchouli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3732-1160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109794486","display_name":"Hanaa Mansouri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanaa Mansouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7792-3767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097633419","display_name":"Nawal El Ghouate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1991-8630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawal El Ghouate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1991-8630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046704374","display_name":"Hicham Karmouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-8380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119856527","display_name":"Cadi Ayyad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf6nm78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hicham Karmouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["National School of Applied Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-8380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051009565","display_name":"Nour\u2010Eddine Joudar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nour-Eddine Joudar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, FST, Modelling and Mathematical Structures Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","Department of Mathematics, FST, Modelling and Mathematical Structures Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed BenAbdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, FST, Modelling and Mathematical Structures Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, FST, Modelling and Mathematical Structures Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed BenAbdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006453222","display_name":"Mhamed Sayyouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-419X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mhamed Sayyouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088545047","display_name":"Sameh Askar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1167-2430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. S. Askar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1167-2430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068555962","display_name":"Mohamed Abouhawwash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2846-4707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abouhawwash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2846-4707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.3494,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9792475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"16978","last_page":"17001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8133275508880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.6063677668571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6044666171073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4099269509315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4068065285682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33524036407470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2665863633155823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8133275508880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6063677668571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6044666171073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4099269509315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4068065285682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33524036407470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2665863633155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3532747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:815fedda91b84c62843bdb3605649a8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/815fedda91b84c62843bdb3605649a8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 16978-17001 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3532747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190006759","https://openalex.org/W1523551651","https://openalex.org/W1554624397","https://openalex.org/W1967253298","https://openalex.org/W1978449540","https://openalex.org/W2000101867","https://openalex.org/W2024219931","https://openalex.org/W2026240554","https://openalex.org/W2041879348","https://openalex.org/W2063600526","https://openalex.org/W2089042189","https://openalex.org/W2116983948","https://openalex.org/W2124041826","https://openalex.org/W2125566231","https://openalex.org/W2135331233","https://openalex.org/W2148941711","https://openalex.org/W2149009785","https://openalex.org/W2159498975","https://openalex.org/W2166143222","https://openalex.org/W2168501771","https://openalex.org/W2180180786","https://openalex.org/W2528729451","https://openalex.org/W2534907219","https://openalex.org/W2554211866","https://openalex.org/W2560176777","https://openalex.org/W2576609974","https://openalex.org/W2591836065","https://openalex.org/W2738166615","https://openalex.org/W2770549268","https://openalex.org/W2793109754","https://openalex.org/W2887450173","https://openalex.org/W2914518875","https://openalex.org/W2922498149","https://openalex.org/W2942564567","https://openalex.org/W2958574851","https://openalex.org/W2969191421","https://openalex.org/W3006002926","https://openalex.org/W3008852227","https://openalex.org/W3118949594","https://openalex.org/W3199962470","https://openalex.org/W3200323018","https://openalex.org/W3212797097","https://openalex.org/W3214306241","https://openalex.org/W4210692133","https://openalex.org/W4223488242","https://openalex.org/W4226504825","https://openalex.org/W4313559241","https://openalex.org/W4396837072","https://openalex.org/W4401047734","https://openalex.org/W4402096310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,130],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,25,45,77,106,160],"new":[4],"family":[5],"of":[6,19,36,47,61,84,125,167],"orthogonal":[7,50],"moments,":[8],"the":[9,17,34,37,59,67,73,81,96,112,118,142,164],"fractional":[10,48],"Racah":[11,49,63],"moments":[12],"(FrROMs),":[13],"developed":[14],"to":[15,87,147,163],"meet":[16],"demands":[18],"copyright":[20],"protection":[21,134,166],"for":[22,79,102,153],"medical":[23,168],"images,":[24],"field":[26],"requiring":[27],"robust":[28],"and":[29,104,127,157],"secure":[30,165],"methods":[31],"that":[32,111],"preserve":[33],"integrity":[35],"original":[38,143],"image.":[39],"The":[40],"FrROMs":[41,97],"are":[42,56,98],"derived":[43],"from":[44,58],"matrix":[46,60],"polynomials":[51,64,86],"(FrROPs),":[52],"which":[53],"in":[54,123],"turn":[55],"obtained":[57],"classical":[62,121],"(ROPs)":[65],"using":[66],"spectral":[68],"decomposition":[69],"theorem.":[70],"To":[71],"compute":[72],"ROPs,":[74],"we":[75],"enhanced":[76,155],"method":[78],"calculating":[80],"initial":[82],"terms":[83,124],"these":[85],"avoid":[88],"instability":[89],"issues":[90],"associated":[91],"with":[92],"higher-order":[93],"ROPs.":[94],"Subsequently,":[95],"used":[99],"as":[100],"descriptors":[101],"embedding":[103],"extracting":[105],"zero-watermark.":[107],"Experimental":[108],"results":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"proposed":[113],"zero-watermarking":[114],"scheme":[115,131],"efficiently":[116],"leverages":[117],"FrROMs,":[119],"surpassing":[120],"ROMs":[122],"robustness":[126,156],"reconstruction":[128],"capability.":[129],"provides":[132],"strong":[133],"against":[135],"various":[136],"image":[137],"processing":[138],"attacks":[139],"while":[140],"maintaining":[141],"content":[144],"intact.":[145],"Compared":[146],"existing":[148],"methods,":[149],"it":[150],"stands":[151],"out":[152],"its":[154],"reliability,":[158],"making":[159],"significant":[161],"contribution":[162],"images.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
