{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406610430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532099","title":"Factors Affecting Student Academic Performance: A Combined Factor Analysis of Mixed Data and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis","display_name":"Factors Affecting Student Academic Performance: A Combined Factor Analysis of Mixed Data and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406610430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3532099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532099","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109015911","display_name":"Mohamed El Jihaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6637-659X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121980","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de l'Enseignement Technique de Mohammedia","ror":"https://ror.org/035pp4j25","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed El Jihaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modeling and Simulation of Intelligent Industrial Systems Laboratory (M2S2I), ENSET Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco","Laboratory: Modeling and Simulation of Intelligent Industrial Systems (M2S2I), ENSET Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6637-659X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modeling and Simulation of Intelligent Industrial Systems Laboratory (M2S2I), ENSET Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory: Modeling and Simulation of Intelligent Industrial Systems (M2S2I), ENSET Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268","https://openalex.org/I4210121980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041087263","display_name":"Oum El Kheir Abra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-6570"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oum El Kheir Abra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Center for Education and Training Professions, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-6570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Center for Education and Training Professions, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000119431","display_name":"Khalifa Mansouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-0973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121980","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de l'Enseignement Technique de Mohammedia","ror":"https://ror.org/035pp4j25","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalifa Mansouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modeling and Simulation of Intelligent Industrial Systems Laboratory (M2S2I), ENSET Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco","Laboratory: Modeling and Simulation of Intelligent Industrial Systems (M2S2I), ENSET Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modeling and Simulation of Intelligent Industrial Systems Laboratory (M2S2I), ENSET Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory: Modeling and Simulation of Intelligent Industrial Systems (M2S2I), ENSET Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268","https://openalex.org/I4210121980"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":28.3071,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99480254,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"15946","last_page":"15964"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14484","display_name":"Technology and Data Analysis","score":0.373199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14484","display_name":"Technology and Data Analysis","score":0.373199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13565","display_name":"Education and Learning Interventions","score":0.3312000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.5615299344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.540397584438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.5149105787277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5014474391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.4650173485279083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2241595983505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1945224106311798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.5615299344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.540397584438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.5149105787277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5014474391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4650173485279083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2241595983505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1945224106311798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3532099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c95e52e22b94d47b118fcca90ed132e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c95e52e22b94d47b118fcca90ed132e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 15946-15964 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3532099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3532099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125806768","https://openalex.org/W129911744","https://openalex.org/W1795468129","https://openalex.org/W1962385901","https://openalex.org/W1968241156","https://openalex.org/W1974027392","https://openalex.org/W1983856110","https://openalex.org/W1985299528","https://openalex.org/W1997320786","https://openalex.org/W2001624770","https://openalex.org/W2030915370","https://openalex.org/W2036473902","https://openalex.org/W2038749650","https://openalex.org/W2051436187","https://openalex.org/W2100962511","https://openalex.org/W2118934859","https://openalex.org/W2133878615","https://openalex.org/W2145755488","https://openalex.org/W2151570219","https://openalex.org/W2153947402","https://openalex.org/W2176947748","https://openalex.org/W2183877827","https://openalex.org/W2217717283","https://openalex.org/W2222174245","https://openalex.org/W2314669497","https://openalex.org/W2505361583","https://openalex.org/W2517235140","https://openalex.org/W2528302316","https://openalex.org/W2781345440","https://openalex.org/W2794917271","https://openalex.org/W2880647244","https://openalex.org/W2900420400","https://openalex.org/W2943210284","https://openalex.org/W2953885385","https://openalex.org/W2971164645","https://openalex.org/W2983382509","https://openalex.org/W2989993218","https://openalex.org/W3005006660","https://openalex.org/W3010806685","https://openalex.org/W3033604406","https://openalex.org/W3082899649","https://openalex.org/W3089070283","https://openalex.org/W3103467141","https://openalex.org/W3108883341","https://openalex.org/W3161970482","https://openalex.org/W3183850874","https://openalex.org/W3193177194","https://openalex.org/W4200325820","https://openalex.org/W4200459427","https://openalex.org/W4213130417","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4214821456","https://openalex.org/W4223656758","https://openalex.org/W4232002100","https://openalex.org/W4237030649","https://openalex.org/W4243677899","https://openalex.org/W4319780127","https://openalex.org/W4320724300","https://openalex.org/W4327716436","https://openalex.org/W4390616408","https://openalex.org/W4391870738","https://openalex.org/W4392050827","https://openalex.org/W4399538195","https://openalex.org/W4399578820","https://openalex.org/W6777847980","https://openalex.org/W6802663802","https://openalex.org/W6848682688","https://openalex.org/W6851760263","https://openalex.org/W6868849143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2610868774","https://openalex.org/W4399767649","https://openalex.org/W2135760566","https://openalex.org/W2092994918","https://openalex.org/W4381136829","https://openalex.org/W3216594821","https://openalex.org/W2390006526","https://openalex.org/W4363647291","https://openalex.org/W1915333409","https://openalex.org/W2393341384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"student":[1,44,74,225],"academic":[2,36,124,126],"performance":[3,45,75,226],"is":[4,100],"a":[5,48,83,103,157,170],"cornerstone":[6],"for":[7,89,184],"developing":[8],"sustainable":[9,30,276],"educational":[10,246,272],"practices":[11],"that":[12,160,257],"benefit":[13],"students,":[14],"teachers,":[15],"policymakers,":[16],"and":[17,28,63,93,105,114,130,202,245,253,274],"society.":[18],"This":[19,264],"analysis":[20,99,118],"directly":[21],"impacts":[22],"students\u2019":[23],"ability":[24],"to":[25,69,138,148,248,267],"engage":[26],"in":[27,166,223,237],"promote":[29,275],"practices,":[31,273],"thereby":[32],"shaping":[33],"their":[34,65,220,262],"future":[35],"success.":[37],"While":[38],"many":[39],"studies":[40],"focus":[41],"on":[42,47,102],"predicting":[43],"based":[46,101],"set":[49],"of":[50,86,109,163,186,195,240],"features,":[51],"our":[52],"study":[53,233],"takes":[54],"an":[55],"approach":[56,85,265],"by":[57],"reducing":[58],"these":[59,134,151],"features":[60],"into":[61,153],"factors":[62,72,135,152,260],"analyzing":[64],"impact.":[66],"We":[67],"aim":[68],"identify":[70,249],"the":[71,77,154,164,167,179,187,196,238,259],"influencing":[73,224,261],"within":[76],"middle":[78],"school":[79],"education":[80],"system":[81],"using":[82],"combined":[84],"Factor":[87],"Analysis":[88],"Mixed":[90],"Data":[91],"(FAMD)":[92],"Multiple":[94],"Linear":[95],"Regression":[96],"(MLR).":[97],"Our":[98],"robust":[104,158],"reliable":[106],"large":[107],"dataset":[108],"1,073,450":[110],"observations,":[111],"encompassing":[112],"qualitative":[113],"quantitative":[115],"features.":[116],"FAMD":[117],"identified":[119],"four":[120],"underlying":[121],"factors:":[122],"prior":[123],"performance,":[125],"delay,":[127],"socioeconomic":[128],"status,":[129],"class":[131],"environment;":[132],"all":[133],"have":[136],"good":[137],"excellent":[139],"reliability,":[140],"with":[141],"Cronbach\u2019s":[142],"Alpha":[143],"values":[144],"ranging":[145],"from":[146,231],"0.809":[147],"0.930.":[149],"Feeding":[150],"MLR":[155],"produces":[156],"model":[159],"explains":[161],"88.53%":[162],"variance":[165],"CGPA,":[168],"indicating":[169],"strong":[171],"fit.":[172],"Prior":[173],"Academic":[174,190],"Performance":[175],"factor":[176],"emerges":[177],"as":[178],"most":[180],"powerful":[181],"predictor,":[182],"accounting":[183],"76.6%":[185],"explained":[188],"variance.":[189,197],"Delay":[191],"follows,":[192],"explaining":[193],"14.34%":[194],"Socioeconomic":[198],"Status":[199],"contributes":[200],"6.02%,":[201],"Class":[203],"Environment":[204],"adds":[205],"3.03%,":[206],"reflecting":[207],"smaller":[208],"but":[209],"meaningful":[210],"impacts.":[211],"All":[212],"predictors":[213],"are":[214,234],"statistically":[215],"significant":[216],"(p":[217],"<0.001),":[218],"confirming":[219],"critical":[221],"roles":[222],"(CGPA).":[227],"The":[228],"insights":[229],"gained":[230],"this":[232],"critically":[235],"important":[236],"field":[239],"education.":[241,277],"They":[242],"enable":[243],"teachers":[244],"leaders":[247],"at-risk":[250],"students":[251],"early":[252],"develop":[254],"targeted":[255],"interventions":[256],"address":[258],"performance.":[263],"aims":[266],"enhance":[268],"learning":[269],"outcomes,":[270],"improve":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}