{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406522493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3530961","title":"Steganography in Game Actions","display_name":"Steganography in Game Actions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406522493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3530961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3530961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3530961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3530961","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014271344","display_name":"Ching\u2010Chun Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-4591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Chun Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044556342","display_name":"Isao Echizen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-1860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isao Echizen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014271344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.5952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96226829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"21029","last_page":"21042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7238376140594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.6874408721923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4684230089187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29357513785362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.10014978051185608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7238376140594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.6874408721923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4684230089187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29357513785362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.10014978051185608}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3530961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3530961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0c7627b6558848a58c78d92d27244bd7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0c7627b6558848a58c78d92d27244bd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 21029-21042 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3530961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3530961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2867598600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP21H04907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3591068558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR24U3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020452945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP24H00732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6324769968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR18A6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8963049961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR20D3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1588954910","https://openalex.org/W1589812914","https://openalex.org/W1878907771","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2039836978","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2066021566","https://openalex.org/W2076337359","https://openalex.org/W2096050104","https://openalex.org/W2103228545","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2112139527","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2120687992","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2124890704","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2141559645","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2159390040","https://openalex.org/W2161439181","https://openalex.org/W2162174114","https://openalex.org/W2163861376","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2169552486","https://openalex.org/W2316135739","https://openalex.org/W2322622188","https://openalex.org/W2883233582","https://openalex.org/W2912111095","https://openalex.org/W2912142077","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2971140743","https://openalex.org/W3041202696","https://openalex.org/W3142067920","https://openalex.org/W4205457241","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4234277722","https://openalex.org/W4234761190","https://openalex.org/W4243099941","https://openalex.org/W4253000688","https://openalex.org/W4291166496","https://openalex.org/W4296159956","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6675811377","https://openalex.org/W6738796088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2521839693","https://openalex.org/W2969135852","https://openalex.org/W2188948172","https://openalex.org/W2153696906","https://openalex.org/W38533693","https://openalex.org/W2892069487","https://openalex.org/W2741842698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,186,264],"exchange":[1],"of":[2,12,26,49,54,60,64,73,85,93,108,130,151,188,195,237,246,259],"messages":[3,153],"has":[4,29,67,266],"always":[5],"carried":[6],"with":[7,134,173],"it":[8],"the":[9,19,24,42,46,51,57,62,76,83,91,106,128,148,183,193,204,244,257],"timeless":[10],"challenge":[11,63],"secrecy.":[13],"From":[14],"whispers":[15],"in":[16,23,70,121],"shadows":[17],"to":[18,33,39,96,104,146,169,218,225,285],"enigmatic":[20],"notes":[21],"written":[22],"margins":[25],"history,":[27],"humanity":[28],"long":[30],"sought":[31],"ways":[32],"convey":[34],"thoughts":[35],"that":[36],"remain":[37],"imperceptible":[38],"all":[40],"but":[41],"chosen":[43],"few.":[44],"In":[45],"intricate":[47],"patterns":[48,172,222],"imagery,":[50],"nuanced":[52],"modulation":[53],"sound":[55],"and":[56,199,276,281,288],"meticulous":[58],"orchestration":[59],"language,":[61],"subliminal":[65,252],"communication":[66,253],"been":[68,267],"addressed":[69],"various":[71],"forms":[72],"steganography.":[74],"However,":[75],"field":[77],"faces":[78],"a":[79,112,118,144,166,209,235,248,262],"fundamental":[80],"paradox:":[81],"as":[82,140,165],"art":[84],"concealment":[86],"advances,":[87],"so":[88],"too":[89],"does":[90],"science":[92],"revelation,":[94],"leading":[95],"an":[97,135,141,162],"ongoing":[98],"evolutionary":[99],"interplay.":[100],"This":[101,206],"study":[102],"seeks":[103],"extend":[105],"boundaries":[107],"what":[109],"is":[110,125,254],"considered":[111],"viable":[113],"steganographic":[114,119],"medium.":[115],"We":[116],"explore":[117],"paradigm,":[120],"which":[122],"hidden":[123,152,184],"information":[124],"communicated":[126],"through":[127,243,270],"episodes":[129],"multiple":[131],"agents":[132,176,189,213],"interacting":[133],"environment.":[136],"Each":[137],"agent,":[138],"acting":[139],"encoder,":[142],"learns":[143,168],"policy":[145],"disguise":[147],"very":[149],"existence":[150],"within":[154,256],"actions":[155],"seemingly":[156],"directed":[157],"toward":[158,261],"innocent":[159],"objectives.":[160],"Meanwhile,":[161],"observer,":[163],"serving":[164],"decoder,":[167],"associate":[170],"behavioural":[171,221],"their":[174,178],"respective":[175],"despite":[177],"dynamic":[179],"nature,":[180],"thereby":[181],"unveiling":[182],"messages.":[185],"interactions":[187],"are":[190],"governed":[191],"by":[192,201],"framework":[194,207],"multi-agent":[196],"reinforcement":[197],"learning":[198],"shaped":[200],"feedback":[202],"from":[203],"observer.":[205],"encapsulates":[208],"game-theoretic":[210],"dilemma,":[211],"wherein":[212],"face":[214],"decisions":[215],"between":[216],"cooperating":[217],"create":[219],"distinguishable":[220],"or":[223],"defecting":[224],"pursue":[226],"individually":[227],"optimal":[228],"yet":[229],"potentially":[230],"overlapping":[231],"episodic":[232],"actions.":[233],"As":[234],"proof":[236],"concept,":[238],"we":[239],"exemplify":[240],"action":[241],"steganography":[242],"game":[245],"labyrinth,":[247],"navigation":[249],"task":[250],"where":[251],"concealed":[255],"act":[258],"steering":[260],"destination.":[263],"stego-system":[265],"systematically":[268],"validated":[269],"experimental":[271],"evaluations,":[272],"assessing":[273],"its":[274,279],"distortion":[275],"capacity":[277],"alongside":[278],"secrecy":[280],"robustness":[282],"when":[283],"subjected":[284],"simulated":[286],"passive":[287],"active":[289],"adversaries.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}