{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406416083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3529943","title":"Bridging Precision and Complexity: A Novel Machine Learning Approach for Ambiguity Detection in Software Requirements","display_name":"Bridging Precision and Complexity: A Novel Machine Learning Approach for Ambiguity Detection in Software Requirements","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406416083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3529943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3529943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3529943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3529943","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069921546","display_name":"Rahat Izhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9573-4012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132067926","display_name":"Krirk University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d8yqq70","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132067926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48076826","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahat Izhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University (Presidential Scholarship), Chiang Mai, Thailand","International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University (Presidential Scholarship), Chiang Mai, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132067926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043454681","display_name":"Shahid Nazir Bhatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6079-4258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid N. Bhatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Dept. of Software Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Software Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020846550","display_name":"Sultan A. Alharthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-7390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sultan A. Alharthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Dept. of Software Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Software Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069921546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132067926","https://openalex.org/I48076826"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":33.8558,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99589142,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"12014","last_page":"12031"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9057000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9053999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7915652990341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.7723900079727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6447219848632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45547887682914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42765697836875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41914474964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.40702033042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20987901091575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1113552451133728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7915652990341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.7723900079727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6447219848632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45547887682914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42765697836875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41914474964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40702033042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20987901091575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1113552451133728}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3529943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3529943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bec111079c543e2a2ac2352cbdfd008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bec111079c543e2a2ac2352cbdfd008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 12014-12031 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3529943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3529943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4788625536","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UJ-24-DR-20799-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329038","funder_display_name":"University of Jeddah"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329038","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33595978","https://openalex.org/W98705315","https://openalex.org/W1488737450","https://openalex.org/W1547459188","https://openalex.org/W1574491227","https://openalex.org/W1967981232","https://openalex.org/W1991944250","https://openalex.org/W2005732451","https://openalex.org/W2048279992","https://openalex.org/W2150874198","https://openalex.org/W2165504642","https://openalex.org/W2518473846","https://openalex.org/W2537683128","https://openalex.org/W2595345837","https://openalex.org/W2792929624","https://openalex.org/W2793350103","https://openalex.org/W2904108312","https://openalex.org/W2949167262","https://openalex.org/W2980174021","https://openalex.org/W2995099744","https://openalex.org/W3019913914","https://openalex.org/W3030913545","https://openalex.org/W3186895960","https://openalex.org/W3210318223","https://openalex.org/W4206254927","https://openalex.org/W4286567510","https://openalex.org/W4291802711","https://openalex.org/W4310240077","https://openalex.org/W4310494058","https://openalex.org/W4311494492","https://openalex.org/W4312596923","https://openalex.org/W4386608998","https://openalex.org/W4386963044","https://openalex.org/W4388446692","https://openalex.org/W4395690127","https://openalex.org/W4396780052","https://openalex.org/W4398766018","https://openalex.org/W4401247459","https://openalex.org/W4402380938","https://openalex.org/W6601018979","https://openalex.org/W6636284940","https://openalex.org/W6784114337","https://openalex.org/W6842582822","https://openalex.org/W6908752063","https://openalex.org/W7043295434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W4388870064","https://openalex.org/W2210139803","https://openalex.org/W4235186151","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W2054685365","https://openalex.org/W2470643824","https://openalex.org/W2056057048","https://openalex.org/W2667588871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambiguity":[0],"in":[1,36],"software":[2,37,69,196,206],"requirements":[3,38,70,199],"is":[4,147],"a":[5,23,47,55,65,93,135,182],"significant":[6],"challenge":[7],"as":[8],"it":[9],"often":[10],"leads":[11],"to":[12,33,110],"misunderstandings,":[13],"implementation":[14],"errors,":[15],"and":[16,41,92,100,125,141,164,184,193,202],"costly":[17],"project":[18,74],"delays.":[19],"This":[20,174],"research":[21,175],"proposes":[22],"hybrid":[24],"framework":[25,44,88],"that":[26,50,81],"combines":[27],"rule-based":[28,48,83,172],"techniques":[29],"with":[30,39,46],"machine":[31],"learning":[32],"identify":[34],"ambiguity":[35,124,139,178],"precision":[40,99,158],"efficiency.":[42],"The":[43,62,144,187],"begins":[45],"model":[49],"systematically":[51],"detects":[52],"ambiguities":[53,80],"using":[54,149],"carefully":[56],"prepared":[57],"list":[58],"of":[59,67,102,129,138,156,159,162,167,195],"ambiguous":[60,115],"phrases.":[61],"analysis":[63,107,119],"utilizes":[64],"dataset":[66],"1,553":[68],"drawn":[71],"from":[72],"diverse":[73],"domains.":[75],"To":[76],"capture":[77],"more":[78,204],"intricate":[79],"traditional":[82,171],"systems":[84],"might":[85],"miss,":[86],"the":[87,98,121,126,191],"integrates":[89],"TF-IDF":[90],"vectorization":[91],"Random":[94],"Forest":[95],"classifier,":[96],"enhancing":[97],"coverage":[101],"classification.":[103],"In":[104],"addition,":[105],"clustering":[106],"identifies":[108],"patterns":[109],"provide":[111],"deeper":[112],"insights":[113],"into":[114],"requirements,":[116,197],"while":[117],"sentiment":[118],"explores":[120],"relationship":[122],"between":[123],"emotional":[127],"tone":[128],"requirements.":[130],"Together,":[131],"these":[132],"analyses":[133],"offer":[134],"broader":[136],"understanding":[137],"trends":[140],"stakeholder":[142],"perceptions.":[143],"framework\u2019s":[145],"performance":[146],"validated":[148],"standard":[150],"evaluation":[151],"metrics,":[152],"achieving":[153],"an":[154,165],"accuracy":[155],"97%,":[157,160],"recall":[161],"89%,":[163],"F1-score":[166],"92%,":[168],"significantly":[169],"surpassing":[170],"methodologies.":[173],"advances":[176],"automatic":[177],"detection":[179],"by":[180],"delivering":[181],"flexible":[183],"interpretable":[185],"solution.":[186],"proposed":[188],"approach":[189],"enhances":[190],"clarity":[192],"quality":[194],"strengthening":[198],"engineering":[200],"practices":[201],"supporting":[203],"effective":[205],"development.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}