{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406262931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3528035","title":"Convergence of Blockchain, IoT, and AI for Enhanced Traceability Systems: A Comprehensive Review","display_name":"Convergence of Blockchain, IoT, and AI for Enhanced Traceability Systems: A Comprehensive Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406262931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3528035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3528035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3528035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3528035","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106364788","display_name":"Yahaya Saidu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8909-8806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133101575","display_name":"Taraba State University","ror":"https://ror.org/000548d77","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133101575"]}],"countries":["MY","NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yahaya Saidu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","Department of Computer Science, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria","Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8909-8806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133101575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090945370","display_name":"Shuhaida Mohamed Shuhidan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-4724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhaida Mohamed Shuhidan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-4724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106356673","display_name":"Dahiru Adamu Aliyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9803-3604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahiru Adamu Aliyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9803-3604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011080351","display_name":"Izzatdin Abdul Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-4463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izzatdin Abdul Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-4463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003590905","display_name":"Shamsuddeen Adamu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4015-1723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamsuddeen Adamu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4015-1723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106364788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302","https://openalex.org/I3133101575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":28.8254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99847984,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"16838","last_page":"16865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12651","display_name":"Halal products and consumer behavior","score":0.930400013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.9125000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.8417856693267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7265335917472839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6485791802406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6136302351951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.6066058874130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5385032892227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5326022505760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5294002294540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.46268928050994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.42622900009155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-management","display_name":"Supply chain management","score":0.41778939962387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24602511525154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.21958747506141663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.21194741129875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.17738506197929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.15649011731147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.142797589302063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.8417856693267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265335917472839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6485791802406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6136302351951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.6066058874130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5385032892227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5326022505760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5294002294540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.46268928050994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.42622900009155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44104985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492886","display_name":"Supply chain management","level":3,"score":0.41778939962387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24602511525154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.21958747506141663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.21194741129875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.17738506197929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.15649011731147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.142797589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3528035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3528035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32b9277d695645349fa54b178124fb13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32b9277d695645349fa54b178124fb13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 16838-16865 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3528035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3528035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7510150172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"015BD1-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8702286276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"015MD0-200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":125,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1877420198","https://openalex.org/W2106956101","https://openalex.org/W2117871237","https://openalex.org/W2603967782","https://openalex.org/W2773943570","https://openalex.org/W2810011639","https://openalex.org/W2886169738","https://openalex.org/W2914839923","https://openalex.org/W2943089161","https://openalex.org/W2965886286","https://openalex.org/W2972432684","https://openalex.org/W2972955472","https://openalex.org/W2979114160","https://openalex.org/W2986442689","https://openalex.org/W2993810765","https://openalex.org/W2996399077","https://openalex.org/W2997208348","https://openalex.org/W3002351727","https://openalex.org/W3003863736","https://openalex.org/W3011089232","https://openalex.org/W3011748039","https://openalex.org/W3012994065","https://openalex.org/W3013204839","https://openalex.org/W3018881931","https://openalex.org/W3026568256","https://openalex.org/W3027501833","https://openalex.org/W3032628389","https://openalex.org/W3035431711","https://openalex.org/W3035883408","https://openalex.org/W3037851023","https://openalex.org/W3041912729","https://openalex.org/W3046333158","https://openalex.org/W3091823531","https://openalex.org/W3092142530","https://openalex.org/W3093525173","https://openalex.org/W3116341747","https://openalex.org/W3118306882","https://openalex.org/W3126226315","https://openalex.org/W3131221892","https://openalex.org/W3131823290","https://openalex.org/W3131833941","https://openalex.org/W3133607456","https://openalex.org/W3133773873","https://openalex.org/W3135693305","https://openalex.org/W3138199409","https://openalex.org/W3158999047","https://openalex.org/W3159877357","https://openalex.org/W3160856016","https://openalex.org/W3163537351","https://openalex.org/W3173768691","https://openalex.org/W3179212946","https://openalex.org/W3183401773","https://openalex.org/W3185716662","https://openalex.org/W3197224435","https://openalex.org/W3198151675","https://openalex.org/W3198404018","https://openalex.org/W3199176645","https://openalex.org/W3200063813","https://openalex.org/W4200284818","https://openalex.org/W4200506398","https://openalex.org/W4212780772","https://openalex.org/W4212942088","https://openalex.org/W4213092729","https://openalex.org/W4213165079","https://openalex.org/W4213178041","https://openalex.org/W4220724550","https://openalex.org/W4220752224","https://openalex.org/W4223504512","https://openalex.org/W4224936486","https://openalex.org/W4226239514","https://openalex.org/W4229076765","https://openalex.org/W4283262555","https://openalex.org/W4283275376","https://openalex.org/W4283696778","https://openalex.org/W4285499911","https://openalex.org/W4287511828","https://openalex.org/W4288065119","https://openalex.org/W4288430635","https://openalex.org/W4292266029","https://openalex.org/W4293206041","https://openalex.org/W4293468133","https://openalex.org/W4294811261","https://openalex.org/W4295934688","https://openalex.org/W4297984666","https://openalex.org/W4299554931","https://openalex.org/W4311719579","https://openalex.org/W4312174329","https://openalex.org/W4312840038","https://openalex.org/W4313121853","https://openalex.org/W4313244587","https://openalex.org/W4313332034","https://openalex.org/W4313368041","https://openalex.org/W4315571614","https://openalex.org/W4317733647","https://openalex.org/W4317989635","https://openalex.org/W4322580686","https://openalex.org/W4322746120","https://openalex.org/W4324278413","https://openalex.org/W4360841671","https://openalex.org/W4361274206","https://openalex.org/W4361284631","https://openalex.org/W4362605383","https://openalex.org/W4367188725","https://openalex.org/W4379165384","https://openalex.org/W4382726006","https://openalex.org/W4385222884","https://openalex.org/W4385320790","https://openalex.org/W4385759209","https://openalex.org/W4385785845","https://openalex.org/W4385976903","https://openalex.org/W4387707139","https://openalex.org/W4388820036","https://openalex.org/W4389078271","https://openalex.org/W4389350241","https://openalex.org/W4389398129","https://openalex.org/W4391098453","https://openalex.org/W4391305363","https://openalex.org/W4391566218","https://openalex.org/W4391998876","https://openalex.org/W4393009868","https://openalex.org/W4394620586","https://openalex.org/W4394931884","https://openalex.org/W4396900254","https://openalex.org/W6762920588","https://openalex.org/W6782250051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4377091993","https://openalex.org/W4296885306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,97,142,169,216,246],"need":[1,192,257],"for":[2,81,166,193,223,252,258],"sophisticated":[3],"traceability":[4,35,70,231],"systems":[5,36],"has":[6],"become":[7],"essential":[8],"in":[9,63,103,106,126],"increasingly":[10],"complex":[11],"and":[12,25,51,61,67,117,121,128,133,150,156,189,206,227,240,264],"globalized":[13],"supply":[14,41,115],"chains.":[15],"convergence":[17],"of":[18,22,90,148,179,184,213],"Blockchain":[19],"(BC),":[20],"Internet":[21],"Things":[23],"(IoT),":[24],"Artificial":[26],"Intelligence":[27],"(AI)":[28],"technologies":[29],"offers":[30],"promising":[31],"solutions":[32],"to":[33,55,138,236,266],"enhance":[34,237],"across":[37,242],"various":[38,243],"sectors,":[39],"particularly":[40],"chain":[42],"management":[43],"(SCM).":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46,217,247],"presents":[47],"a":[48,87,100,110,146,219],"comprehensive":[49],"bibliometric":[50,82],"systematic":[52],"literature":[53],"review":[54,89],"explore":[56],"emerging":[57,159],"trends,":[58,174],"research":[59,104,152,173],"patterns,":[60],"methodologies":[62],"integrating":[64,224],"BC,":[65,225],"IoT,":[66,226],"AI":[68,228],"into":[69,229],"systems.":[71],"In":[72],"the":[73,78,124,140,161,176,182,190,210,256],"study,":[74],"530":[75],"documents":[76],"from":[77,94],"SCOPUS":[79],"database":[80],"analysis":[83,143],"were":[84],"examined,":[85],"alongside":[86],"detailed":[88],"43":[91],"selected":[92],"articles":[93],"multiple":[95],"databases.":[96],"findings":[98],"highlighted":[99],"significant":[101],"increase":[102],"output":[105],"recent":[107],"years,":[108],"with":[109,154],"dominant":[111],"focus":[112],"on":[113],"agricultural":[114],"chains":[116],"SCM.":[118],"Notably,":[119],"India":[120],"China":[122],"lead":[123],"field":[125],"publications":[127],"citations.":[129],"Furthermore,":[130],"key":[131],"authors":[132],"influential":[134],"journals":[135],"significantly":[136],"contributed":[137],"advancing":[139],"research.":[141],"also":[144],"revealed":[145],"predominance":[147],"experimental":[149],"hybrid":[151],"methodologies,":[153],"Ethereum":[155],"Hyperledger":[157],"Fabric":[158],"as":[160,203],"most":[162],"widely":[163],"adopted":[164],"platforms":[165],"system":[167],"implementations.":[168],"study":[170],"identified":[171],"critical":[172,191],"including":[175],"growing":[177],"role":[178],"AI-driven":[180],"analytics,":[181],"importance":[183],"real-time":[185],"IoT":[186],"data":[187,196],"collection,":[188],"secure,":[194],"tamper-proof":[195],"provided":[197],"by":[198,249],"BC.":[199],"However,":[200],"challenges,":[201],"such":[202],"interoperability,":[204],"scalability,":[205],"standardization,":[207],"remain":[208],"hindering":[209],"widespread":[211],"adoption":[212],"these":[214],"technologies.":[215],"proposes":[218],"four-layer":[220],"conceptual":[221],"framework":[222],"future":[230,253],"systems,":[232],"emphasizing":[233],"their":[234],"potential":[235],"transparency,":[238],"security,":[239],"efficiency":[241],"application":[244],"areas.":[245],"concludes":[248],"offering":[250],"directions":[251],"research,":[254],"highlighting":[255],"more":[259],"empirical":[260],"studies,":[261],"industry-specific":[262],"frameworks,":[263],"standardization":[265],"overcome":[267],"existing":[268],"limitations.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
