{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406171748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3527462","title":"Consistency Algorithm-Based SOC Balancing Scheme of Retired Non-Equal Capacity Lithium Battery in Virtual Synchronous Generator Controlled Microgrids","display_name":"Consistency Algorithm-Based SOC Balancing Scheme of Retired Non-Equal Capacity Lithium Battery in Virtual Synchronous Generator Controlled Microgrids","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406171748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3527462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3527462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3527462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3527462","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028282704","display_name":"Qingfeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6666-4297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305995","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcbdc92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China","Department of college of electronic information engineering, Taiyuan university of science and technology, Taiyuan, CO, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of college of electronic information engineering, Taiyuan university of science and technology, Taiyuan, CO, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011032851","display_name":"X. Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7948-4620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305995","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcbdc92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China","Department of college of electronic information engineering, Taiyuan university of science and technology, Taiyuan, CO, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of college of electronic information engineering, Taiyuan university of science and technology, Taiyuan, CO, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019629140","display_name":"Yamin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-3550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305995","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcbdc92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yamin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China","Department of college of electronic information engineering, Taiyuan university of science and technology, Taiyuan, CO, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of college of electronic information engineering, Taiyuan university of science and technology, Taiyuan, CO, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681604","display_name":"Liqun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8103-2308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46305995","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcbdc92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China","Department of college of electronic information engineering, Taiyuan university of science and technology, Taiyuan, CO, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of college of electronic information engineering, Taiyuan university of science and technology, Taiyuan, CO, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081338883","display_name":"Xiaofeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-6133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, CO, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, CO, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028282704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46305995"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.9701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96496001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"9073","last_page":"9088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6461589336395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.596416175365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5012905597686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4874251186847687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.45143985748291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","score":0.4209710359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14755576848983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08582010865211487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6461589336395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.596416175365448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5012905597686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4874251186847687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.45143985748291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.4209710359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14755576848983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08582010865211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3527462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3527462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dcfd7f5d92f7479bbd8ea7d9e9a17a9a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dcfd7f5d92f7479bbd8ea7d9e9a17a9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 9073-9088 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3527462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3527462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4444876220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202203021221153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4556947830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024KY659","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7943457380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202203021221153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999912594","https://openalex.org/W2127050485","https://openalex.org/W2169593613","https://openalex.org/W2343088206","https://openalex.org/W2461546790","https://openalex.org/W2560199170","https://openalex.org/W2566906344","https://openalex.org/W2590346977","https://openalex.org/W2782144402","https://openalex.org/W2905738029","https://openalex.org/W2911495963","https://openalex.org/W2949415939","https://openalex.org/W2981447614","https://openalex.org/W3007484164","https://openalex.org/W3015181051","https://openalex.org/W3016361029","https://openalex.org/W3021018218","https://openalex.org/W3093775620","https://openalex.org/W3108419558","https://openalex.org/W3184174741","https://openalex.org/W3211278672","https://openalex.org/W3213404044","https://openalex.org/W3214102032","https://openalex.org/W4206448070","https://openalex.org/W4213442800","https://openalex.org/W4226150897","https://openalex.org/W4285120846","https://openalex.org/W4285120868","https://openalex.org/W4293145806","https://openalex.org/W4296200677","https://openalex.org/W4296916827","https://openalex.org/W4313591685","https://openalex.org/W4386025777","https://openalex.org/W4386919900","https://openalex.org/W4387717610","https://openalex.org/W4394804893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W1975289146","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2989452537","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2105887828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retired":[0],"electric":[1],"vehicle":[2],"lithium":[3,17,37,60],"batteries":[4],"can":[5,129],"be":[6,45,130],"used":[7],"in":[8,22,40,89,119,169],"microgrids":[9,41],"to":[10,20,44,54,80,149,152,208],"fully":[11],"utilize":[12],"the":[13,28,56,64,73,82,108,134,150,154,170,174,180,184,189,210,219,225,228,233,241,249,256,265,268],"remaining":[14],"capacity":[15,34,87,101,117,125,186],"of":[16,30,35,58,85,111,124,158,172,183,191,212,227,267],"batteries.":[18],"Due":[19],"differences":[21],"service":[23],"life":[24],"and":[25,33,72,115,139,160,194,221,255],"usage":[26],"environment,":[27],"state":[29],"charge":[31],"(SOC)":[32],"retired":[36,59],"battery":[38,61],"packs":[39],"are":[42],"difficult":[43],"completely":[46],"consistent.":[47],"SOC":[48,76,83,96,120,127,144,162,175,181,235,243],"balancing":[49,77,84,97,128,145,176,182,236,244],"is":[50,103,147,167,206,246,252,259],"an":[51],"important":[52],"means":[53],"extend":[55],"lifespan":[57],"(RLB).":[62],"However,":[63],"traditional":[65,112,135,234],"virtual":[66],"synchronous":[67],"generator":[68],"(VSG)":[69],"control":[70,114,137,213],"scheme":[71,78,98,237],"existing":[74],"VSG-based":[75],"fail":[79],"achieve":[81,161],"non-equal":[86,100,185],"RLB":[88,102,116,187],"VSG-controlled":[90],"microgrids.":[91],"Therefore,":[92],"a":[93,143,200],"VSG":[94,113,136,151,205],"control-based":[95],"for":[99,204],"proposed.":[104],"This":[105],"paper":[106],"analyzes":[107],"influence":[109,123,211],"mechanism":[110],"difference":[118,245],"balancing.":[121,163],"The":[122,164],"on":[126,215,239],"eliminated":[131],"by":[132,261],"correcting":[133],"parameters":[138,214],"line":[140],"impedance.":[141],"Then,":[142],"factor":[146],"added":[148],"regulate":[153],"output":[155],"active":[156],"power":[157],"inverter":[159],"consistency":[165],"algorithm":[166],"introduced":[168],"process":[171],"calculating":[173],"factor,":[177],"which":[178,263],"realizes":[179],"under":[188],"premise":[190],"fewer":[192],"communications":[193],"guaranteed":[195],"frequency":[196,250],"quality.":[197],"In":[198],"addition,":[199],"small":[201],"signal":[202],"model":[203],"established":[207],"analyze":[209],"system":[216],"stability.":[217],"Finally,":[218],"simulation":[220],"experimental":[222],"results":[223],"verify":[224],"effectiveness":[226],"proposed":[229,242,269],"scheme.":[230,270],"Compared":[231],"with":[232],"based":[238],"VSG,":[240],"only":[247,253],"0.0023,":[248],"deviation":[251],"0.02Hz,":[254],"energy":[257],"loss":[258],"reduced":[260],"2.13%,":[262],"reflects":[264],"advancement":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}