{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405907372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3524452","title":"Continuous Speech-Based Fatigue Detection and Transition State Prediction for Air Traffic Controllers","display_name":"Continuous Speech-Based Fatigue Detection and Transition State Prediction for Air Traffic Controllers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405907372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3524452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3524452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3524452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3524452","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054071605","display_name":"Susmitha Vekkot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susmitha Vekkot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","Department of Electronics &#x0026; Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-214X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics &#x0026; Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004729582","display_name":"Surya Teja Chavali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-7245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surya Teja Chavali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-7245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015779890","display_name":"Charan Tej Kandavalli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charan Tej Kandavalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080152568","display_name":"Rama Sai Abhishek Podila","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rama Sai Abhishek Podila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101475086","display_name":"Deepa Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-5125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepa Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-5125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033923198","display_name":"Mohammed Zakariah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-2605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Zakariah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-2605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061882302","display_name":"Yousef Ajami Alotaibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-8978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousef Ajami Alotaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-8978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86115207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"3298","last_page":"3319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6443905830383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-traffic-control","display_name":"Air traffic control","score":0.5584986805915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5035411715507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4663867950439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","score":0.4190172553062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13954895734786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1203223466873169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6443905830383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166961238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221395","display_name":"Air traffic control","level":2,"score":0.5584986805915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5035411715507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4663867950439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4190172553062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13954895734786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1203223466873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3524452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3524452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3dcad620fc634f4888ec11624267a40b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3dcad620fc634f4888ec11624267a40b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 3298-3319 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3524452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3524452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4582499098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2024R322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584308190","https://openalex.org/W1980721825","https://openalex.org/W2008303183","https://openalex.org/W2022019095","https://openalex.org/W2035305937","https://openalex.org/W2085662862","https://openalex.org/W2117574255","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2158555439","https://openalex.org/W2286439238","https://openalex.org/W2293586503","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2528740923","https://openalex.org/W2590210438","https://openalex.org/W2604268783","https://openalex.org/W2793141922","https://openalex.org/W2905003196","https://openalex.org/W2908578648","https://openalex.org/W2943947171","https://openalex.org/W2981372722","https://openalex.org/W2997678843","https://openalex.org/W2998538879","https://openalex.org/W3004126958","https://openalex.org/W3004742246","https://openalex.org/W3006282738","https://openalex.org/W3124622109","https://openalex.org/W3137644001","https://openalex.org/W3162380478","https://openalex.org/W3163588354","https://openalex.org/W3198169736","https://openalex.org/W3205392914","https://openalex.org/W4234043365","https://openalex.org/W4244895750","https://openalex.org/W4295539470","https://openalex.org/W4304588166","https://openalex.org/W4304806803","https://openalex.org/W4312017488","https://openalex.org/W4312748333","https://openalex.org/W4319750153","https://openalex.org/W4323666008","https://openalex.org/W4378574748","https://openalex.org/W4388819886","https://openalex.org/W4392903354","https://openalex.org/W4394972333","https://openalex.org/W4399198960","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6753682424","https://openalex.org/W6777532430","https://openalex.org/W6926153424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Air":[0],"traffic":[1],"controllers":[2],"(ATC)":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,27,52,56,70,79,144,175,213,267],"critical":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8],"ensuring":[9],"aviation":[10],"safety,":[11],"but":[12],"their":[13,22],"demanding":[14],"workload":[15],"can":[16],"lead":[17],"to":[18,42,307],"fatigue,":[19,287],"potentially":[20],"compromising":[21],"performance.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"presents":[26],"study":[28],"that":[29],"investigates":[30],"speech":[31,58,72,98,177,198,228,240],"features":[32,111,166,233,262],"responsible":[33],"for":[34,84,167,253,314],"detecting":[35],"ATC":[36,49,73,88,185,327],"fatigue":[37,53,85,101,207,254,311],"and":[38,75,102,134,208,231,241,251,272,289],"proposes":[39],"an":[40,48,188],"approach":[41],"predict":[43],"the":[44,67,76,91,94,108,114,140,150,159,164,168,184,203,237,285,293,296,302,321],"timestamp":[45,280],"at":[46],"which":[47,162],"transitions":[50],"into":[51,100,243],"state":[54,255,312],"from":[55,87,113,183,236],"continuous":[57,71,176,197,227,239,309],"sample.":[59,195],"The":[60,118,136,170,196],"main":[61],"contributions":[62],"of":[63,69,78,96,147,191,206,215,260,275,295,304,325],"this":[64,299],"work":[65],"are":[66],"creation":[68],"dataset":[74,178],"identification":[77],"lightweight":[80],"optimum":[81],"feature":[82,116],"set":[83],"classification":[86,95],"speech.":[89],"For":[90],"initial":[92],"task,":[93],"raw":[97],"signals":[99],"non-fatigue":[103,209],"categories":[104],"was":[105,120,156,222,282],"performed":[106,223,283],"using":[107,123,158,263,284,320],"top-10":[109],"best":[110,141,294],"selected":[112],"openSMILE":[115],"set.":[117,153],"evaluation":[119],"carried":[121],"out":[122],"various":[124,244],"learning":[125],"algorithms":[126,138],"such":[127,248],"as":[128,249],"XGBoost,":[129],"Adaboost,":[130],"Random":[131],"Forest,":[132],"HistogramGB,":[133],"1D-CNN.":[135],"ensemble":[137],"demonstrated":[139],"performance,":[142],"achieving":[143],"maximum":[145,268],"accuracy":[146,274],"100%":[148],"on":[149,224],"XGBoost":[151],"test":[152],"Further,":[154],"interpretability":[155],"analyzed":[157],"SHAP":[160],"tool,":[161],"identified":[163],"prominent":[165],"task.":[169],"second":[171],"task":[172],"involved":[173],"creating":[174],"comprising":[179],"approximately":[180,216],"18,900":[181],"samples":[182,199],"corpus,":[186],"with":[187,212],"average":[189,273],"duration":[190,214],"63-65":[192],"seconds":[193],"per":[194],"were":[200,234,318],"prepared":[201],"by":[202],"randomized":[204],"concatenation":[205],"chunks,":[210],"each":[211],"15":[217],"seconds.":[218],"Automated":[219],"sequence":[220],"labeling":[221],"uniformly":[225],"segmented":[226],"samples.":[229],"MFCC":[230],"statistical":[232],"extracted":[235],"labelled":[238],"input":[242],"Recurrent":[245],"Neural":[246],"Networks,":[247],"bi-LSTM":[250,264],"Bi-GRU,":[252],"prediction":[256,281,313],"tasks.":[257],"A":[258],"combination":[259],"these":[261],"modeling":[265],"achieved":[266],"precision,":[269],"recall,":[270],"F-score,":[271],"99%":[276],"each.":[277],"Finally,":[278],"sample-wise":[279],"labels:":[286],"non-fatigue,":[288],"ambiguous":[290],"(transition).":[291],"To":[292],"authors\u2019":[297],"knowledge,":[298],"research":[300],"is":[301],"first":[303],"its":[305],"kind":[306],"address":[308],"speech-based":[310],"ATCs.":[315],"All":[316],"tasks":[317],"conducted":[319],"Civil":[322],"Aviation":[323],"Administration":[324],"China":[326],"corpus.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
