{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405907450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3523918","title":"sThing: A Novel Configurable Ring Oscillator Based PUF for Hardware-Assisted Security and Recycled IC Detection","display_name":"sThing: A Novel Configurable Ring Oscillator Based PUF for Hardware-Assisted Security and Recycled IC Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405907450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3523918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3523918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3523918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3523918","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027355017","display_name":"Saswat Kumar Ram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-0652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100463","display_name":"SRM University, Andhra Pradesh","ror":"https://ror.org/013vs5h31","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saswat Kumar Ram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-0652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019359092","display_name":"Sauvagya Ranjan Sahoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-2334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100625452","display_name":"ON Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03nw6pt28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100625452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76610242","display_name":"Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0561ky130","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127281","https://openalex.org/I76610242"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sauvagya Ranjan Sahoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marquee Semiconductor, Bhubaneswar, India","Analog Design Engineer, Marquee Semiconductor, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-2334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marquee Semiconductor, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76610242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analog Design Engineer, Marquee Semiconductor, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100625452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049901112","display_name":"Banee Bandana Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-0412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100463","display_name":"SRM University, Andhra Pradesh","ror":"https://ror.org/013vs5h31","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Banee Bandana Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-0412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073752818","display_name":"Kamalakanta Mahapatra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-7088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamalakanta Mahapatra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India","Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-7088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070359867","display_name":"Saraju P. Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saraju P. Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.5554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94648298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"2994","last_page":"3013"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.6751365661621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5874028205871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5808299779891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.555438756942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5320799350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.5253490805625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.4796077013015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.21196159720420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17994141578674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17089125514030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15900856256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.11421617865562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.0833490788936615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6751365661621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5874028205871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5808299779891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.555438756942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5320799350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5253490805625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.4796077013015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.21196159720420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17994141578674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17089125514030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15900856256484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.11421617865562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0833490788936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3523918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3523918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a98afffb50594e48b18134865f29a9b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a98afffb50594e48b18134865f29a9b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 2994-3013 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3523918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3523918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42037993","https://openalex.org/W1974113657","https://openalex.org/W1995871244","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2007280892","https://openalex.org/W2057519660","https://openalex.org/W2062570749","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2095410905","https://openalex.org/W2099101940","https://openalex.org/W2104114347","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2135064681","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2197932458","https://openalex.org/W2307493678","https://openalex.org/W2517606133","https://openalex.org/W2561163931","https://openalex.org/W2571570809","https://openalex.org/W2744073901","https://openalex.org/W2749093550","https://openalex.org/W2767874523","https://openalex.org/W2768417459","https://openalex.org/W2793409644","https://openalex.org/W2796309855","https://openalex.org/W2888995917","https://openalex.org/W2960240560","https://openalex.org/W2986455874","https://openalex.org/W3016325329","https://openalex.org/W3082249069","https://openalex.org/W3084761312","https://openalex.org/W3111351285","https://openalex.org/W3183543911","https://openalex.org/W3195000612","https://openalex.org/W3201640968","https://openalex.org/W4205550219","https://openalex.org/W4385489538","https://openalex.org/W6676995458","https://openalex.org/W6790960824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195700791","https://openalex.org/W4396942000","https://openalex.org/W1554713511","https://openalex.org/W2280982083","https://openalex.org/W2128735154","https://openalex.org/W4389544506","https://openalex.org/W4367313937","https://openalex.org/W2581020247","https://openalex.org/W3090320675","https://openalex.org/W2525030438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101,122],"ring":[1],"oscillator":[2],"(RO)":[3],"is":[4,36,56,115],"widely":[5],"used":[6,37,57],"to":[7,58,161],"address":[8],"different":[9],"hardware":[10],"security":[11],"issues.":[12],"For":[13],"example,":[14],"the":[15,28,32,39,68,76,81,88,105,127,131,137,144,153],"RO-based":[16,33,99],"physical":[17],"unclonable":[18],"function":[19],"(PUF)":[20],"generates":[21],"a":[22,48,60],"secure":[23],"and":[24,31,74,98,112,158],"reliable":[25],"key":[26],"for":[27,38,94],"cryptographic":[29],"application,":[30],"aging":[34,79,123,138],"sensor":[35],"efficient":[40],"detection":[41,147],"of":[42,78,87,103,126,133,141,146,148],"recycled":[43,149],"ICs.":[44,150],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"CMOS":[49,120],"inverter":[50],"with":[51],"two":[52],"voltage":[53],"control":[54,66],"signals":[55],"design":[59],"configurable":[61],"RO":[62],"(CRO).":[63],"With":[64],"its":[65],"signals,":[67],"proposed":[69,89,106,128,154],"CRO":[70,90,110,113,129,134,142],"can":[71],"both":[72,104,152],"accelerate":[73],"lower":[75],"impact":[77],"on":[80],"oscillation":[82],"frequency.":[83],"This":[84],"vital":[85],"feature":[86,125],"makes":[91],"it":[92],"suitable":[93],"use":[95],"in":[96,117],"PUFs":[97],"sensors.":[100],"performance":[102],"modified":[107],"architecture,":[108],"i.e.,":[109],"PUF":[111],"sensor,":[114],"evaluated":[116],"90":[118],"nm":[119],"technology.":[121],"tolerant":[124],"enhances":[130],"reliability":[132],"PUF.":[135],"Similarly,":[136],"acceleration":[139],"property":[140],"improves":[143],"rate":[145],"Finally,":[151],"architectures":[155],"are":[156],"area":[157],"power-efficient":[159],"compared":[160],"standard":[162],"architectures.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2024-12-31T00:00:00"}