{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405778580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3522560","title":"Using Trust and Reputation for Detecting Groups of Colluded Agents in Social Networks","display_name":"Using Trust and Reputation for Detecting Groups of Colluded Agents in Social Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405778580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3522560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3522560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3522560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3522560","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072587563","display_name":"Mariantonia Cotronei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-298X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mariantonia Cotronei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-298X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021747750","display_name":"Sofia Giuffr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-9630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Giuffr\u00e8","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-9630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089108050","display_name":"Attilio Marcian\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-5464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Attilio Marcian\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-5464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035309719","display_name":"Domenico Rosaci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9256-9995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Rosaci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9256-9995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014296059","display_name":"Giuseppe M. L. Sarn\u00e8","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-6020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe M. L. Sarn\u00e8","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","Department of Psychology, University of Milan Bicocca, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-6020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Milan Bicocca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072587563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73577654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1511","last_page":"1521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9455000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9455000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9435999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.714967668056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.608120322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4918355941772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-trust","display_name":"Social trust","score":0.46243107318878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3205109238624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1879887580871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital","display_name":"Social capital","score":0.12524795532226562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.04558980464935303}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.714967668056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.608120322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4918355941772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985797017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Social trust","level":3,"score":0.46243107318878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3205109238624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1879887580871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.12524795532226562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.04558980464935303}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3522560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3522560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/532801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10281/532801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f802bb25cf1640af99d9cc11a518bdcc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f802bb25cf1640af99d9cc11a518bdcc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 1511-1521 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3522560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3522560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53823097","https://openalex.org/W143174683","https://openalex.org/W203972960","https://openalex.org/W808860418","https://openalex.org/W1432008968","https://openalex.org/W1658197872","https://openalex.org/W1764352149","https://openalex.org/W1975747248","https://openalex.org/W1978388488","https://openalex.org/W1987098882","https://openalex.org/W1989007169","https://openalex.org/W2022929953","https://openalex.org/W2026174124","https://openalex.org/W2053147992","https://openalex.org/W2059874241","https://openalex.org/W2071047664","https://openalex.org/W2087092764","https://openalex.org/W2090513801","https://openalex.org/W2095922308","https://openalex.org/W2102442170","https://openalex.org/W2127048411","https://openalex.org/W2127977814","https://openalex.org/W2130234299","https://openalex.org/W2133074729","https://openalex.org/W2152430833","https://openalex.org/W2156523427","https://openalex.org/W2170728652","https://openalex.org/W2171548560","https://openalex.org/W2223879723","https://openalex.org/W2483088176","https://openalex.org/W2745233567","https://openalex.org/W2756281115","https://openalex.org/W2799899844","https://openalex.org/W2803208334","https://openalex.org/W2944387105","https://openalex.org/W2962986782","https://openalex.org/W2965672543","https://openalex.org/W3003936169","https://openalex.org/W3047052966","https://openalex.org/W3083970906","https://openalex.org/W3118006168","https://openalex.org/W4307570128","https://openalex.org/W4319454100","https://openalex.org/W4379520547","https://openalex.org/W4387186851","https://openalex.org/W4387666910","https://openalex.org/W4390570875","https://openalex.org/W4390770904","https://openalex.org/W4399391061","https://openalex.org/W4399875540","https://openalex.org/W4401110018","https://openalex.org/W4402352966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4392337488","https://openalex.org/W2102271161","https://openalex.org/W4313425421","https://openalex.org/W4388714791","https://openalex.org/W2361883455","https://openalex.org/W2952832228","https://openalex.org/W2909324362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,6,18,52,107,119,172,175,200,204],"the":[2,41,48,53,57,131,143,170,187,202],"most":[3],"common":[4],"types":[5],"malicious":[7,194],"behavior":[8],"in":[9,100,122,192],"social":[10],"networks":[11],"is":[12,94,196],"represented":[13],"by":[14],"collusion,":[15],"which":[16,73,83,101],"consists":[17],"a":[19,116,156],"secret":[20],"cooperation":[21],"between":[22],"two":[23,69],"or":[24],"more":[25,198],"agents":[26,84,162],"providing":[27],"mutual,":[28],"highly":[29],"positive":[30],"feedback":[31],"to":[32,65,97,114,139,168],"each":[33],"other.":[34],"This":[35,159],"collusion":[36],"creates":[37],"misleading":[38],"advantages":[39],"for":[40],"involved":[42],"agents,":[43,68,195],"deceiving":[44],"others":[45],"and":[46,91,146],"distorting":[47],"actual":[49],"reputation":[50,166],"perception":[51],"colluding":[54],"members.":[55],"Although":[56],"well-known":[58],"EigenTrust":[59,141,154,191],"algorithm":[60,151],"can":[61,85],"be":[62,86],"fruitfully":[63],"used":[64],"detect":[66],"colluded":[67,108,176],"important":[70],"issues":[71],"arise":[72],"limit":[74],"its":[75],"effectiveness:":[76],"1)":[77],"it":[78,93],"requires":[79],"input":[80],"information":[81],"about":[82],"a-priori":[87],"considered":[88],"particularly":[89],"trustworthy;":[90],"2)":[92],"not":[95],"designed":[96],"handle":[98],"situations":[99],"we":[102,129,147,180],"have":[103],"several,":[104],"different":[105,173],"groups":[106,161,174],"agents.":[109,177],"These":[110],"problems":[111],"lead":[112],"EigenTrust,":[113],"produce":[115],"significant":[117],"number":[118],"false":[120,205],"positives":[121],"some":[123],"real":[124],"situations.":[125],"In":[126],"this":[127],"paper,":[128],"address":[130],"aforementioned":[132],"issues.":[133],"We":[134],"introduce":[135],"an":[136,149],"automatic":[137],"procedure":[138,160],"provide":[140],"with":[142,155],"necessary":[144],"inputs,":[145],"propose":[148],"appropriate":[150],"that":[152,182],"combines":[153],"clustering":[157],"process.":[158],"based":[163],"on":[164],"their":[165],"scores":[167],"tackle":[169],"presence":[171],"Through":[178],"experiments,":[179],"demonstrate":[181],"our":[183],"method,":[184],"while":[185],"maintaining":[186],"same":[188],"effectiveness":[189],"as":[190],"detecting":[193],"significantly":[197],"capable":[199],"avoiding":[201],"generation":[203],"positives.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}