{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405778543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3521649","title":"Measurement of Mental Workload Using Heart Rate Variability and Electrodermal Activity","display_name":"Measurement of Mental Workload Using Heart Rate Variability and Electrodermal Activity","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405778543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3521649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3521649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3521649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3521649","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115645759","display_name":"Aisy Al Fawwaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205133468","display_name":"Airlangga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctejd88","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aisy Al Fawwaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6134-8726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056616780","display_name":"Osmalina Nur Rahma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-6191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205133468","display_name":"Airlangga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctejd88","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osmalina Nur Rahma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-6191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062457998","display_name":"Khusnul Ain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8315-7067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205133468","display_name":"Airlangga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctejd88","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khusnul Ain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092807146","display_name":"Sayyidul Istighfar Ittaqillah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205133468","display_name":"Airlangga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctejd88","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayyidul Istighfar Ittaqillah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205133468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018877662","display_name":"Rifai Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-7024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rifai Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Technologies, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","Department of Engineering Technologies, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-7024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Technologies, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Technologies, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85966232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"197589","last_page":"197601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9103000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9103000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.823316752910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.6172977089881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.561864972114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.5234907865524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-activity","display_name":"Mental activity","score":0.49175170063972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2569425106048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.1671052873134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.16381582617759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14039838314056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.13699966669082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11762923002243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.10523572564125061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.823316752910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.6172977089881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.561864972114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.5234907865524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993101085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3623000","display_name":"Mental activity","level":3,"score":0.49175170063972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2569425106048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.1671052873134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16381582617759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14039838314056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.13699966669082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11762923002243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.10523572564125061}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3521649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3521649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48775f410e5549f584c995d9b75cfe34","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48775f410e5549f584c995d9b75cfe34","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 197589-197601 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3521649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3521649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G193946121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1669/UN3.LPPM/PT.01.03/2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333714","funder_display_name":"Cave Science and Technology Research Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333714","display_name":"Cave Science and Technology Research Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1239497932","https://openalex.org/W1977093616","https://openalex.org/W2008056655","https://openalex.org/W2045714005","https://openalex.org/W2065073464","https://openalex.org/W2124073655","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2160831061","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2295748404","https://openalex.org/W2525263984","https://openalex.org/W2734549536","https://openalex.org/W2752471825","https://openalex.org/W2759190050","https://openalex.org/W2916802491","https://openalex.org/W2924732439","https://openalex.org/W2944608408","https://openalex.org/W2958541350","https://openalex.org/W2966851358","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3020088698","https://openalex.org/W3041183752","https://openalex.org/W3048666924","https://openalex.org/W3101396735","https://openalex.org/W3135959521","https://openalex.org/W3154941540","https://openalex.org/W3157706564","https://openalex.org/W3175572480","https://openalex.org/W4221110727","https://openalex.org/W4323309778","https://openalex.org/W4324360559","https://openalex.org/W4362648805","https://openalex.org/W4377103204","https://openalex.org/W4379053433","https://openalex.org/W4386946436","https://openalex.org/W4394610483","https://openalex.org/W4394984563","https://openalex.org/W4401370683","https://openalex.org/W6605301148","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6681822247","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6864154991","https://openalex.org/W6867176674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W1527770078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mental":[0],"workload":[1,28,111],"reflects":[2],"the":[3,16,26,126],"cognitive":[4,85],"demands":[5],"placed":[6],"on":[7,38],"individuals":[8],"when":[9],"performing":[10],"tasks,":[11],"particularly":[12],"under":[13],"pressure.":[14],"As":[15],"esports":[17,30,149],"industry":[18],"continues":[19],"to":[20,35,84,134],"expand":[21],"rapidly,":[22],"understanding":[23],"and":[24,61,96,118,131,138,145],"managing":[25],"mental":[27,67],"of":[29,89,116,121,128],"athletes":[31],"is":[32],"crucial":[33],"due":[34],"its":[36],"impact":[37],"performance.":[39],"While":[40],"self-reported":[41],"measures":[42],"offer":[43],"insights":[44,141],"into":[45],"players\u2019":[46],"subjective":[47,132],"experiences,":[48],"this":[49],"study":[50],"integrates":[51],"these":[52],"reports":[53],"with":[54],"objective":[55],"physiological":[56,130],"data\u2014heart":[57],"rate":[58],"variability":[59],"(HRV)":[60],"electrodermal":[62],"activity":[63],"(EDA)\u2014to":[64],"comprehensively":[65],"assess":[66],"workload.":[68],"Data":[69],"from":[70],"96":[71],"participants":[72],"over":[73],"21":[74],"competitive":[75],"matches":[76],"were":[77,100],"analyzed,":[78],"revealing":[79],"significant":[80],"autonomic":[81],"responses":[82],"linked":[83],"demands.":[86],"Key":[87],"predictors":[88],"workload,":[90],"such":[91],"as":[92],"Tonic":[93],"Peak":[94,98],"Count":[95],"Phasic":[97],"Count,":[99],"identified.":[101],"Using":[102],"machine":[103,109],"learning":[104],"models":[105],"like":[106],"support":[107],"vector":[108],"(SVM),":[110],"classification":[112],"achieved":[113],"an":[114,119],"accuracy":[115],"81.97%":[117],"AUC":[120],"0.8824.":[122],"These":[123],"results":[124],"underscore":[125],"value":[127],"combining":[129],"metrics":[133],"enable":[135],"real-time":[136],"monitoring":[137],"provide":[139],"actionable":[140],"for":[142],"enhancing":[143],"performance":[144],"well-being":[146],"in":[147],"high-pressure":[148],"settings.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}