{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405488172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3519385","title":"Hardware/Software Implementation of a Chip-to-Chip Communication Protocol Based on SPDM","display_name":"Hardware/Software Implementation of a Chip-to-Chip Communication Protocol Based on SPDM","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405488172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3519385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3519385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3519385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3519385","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000493273","display_name":"Kais Belwafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-439X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kais Belwafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, CCI, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Computer Engineering Department, CCI, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-439X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, CCI, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, CCI, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038842092","display_name":"Abdulhadi Shoufan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-8637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulhadi Shoufan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-8637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023525397","display_name":"Mariam Alsafi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Alsafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035946152","display_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103254897","display_name":"Kyusuk Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-3107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyusuk Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology and Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Technology and Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64704421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"194962","last_page":"194972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.8485000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.8485000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.7599999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7243844270706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6525508761405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.599975049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.557311475276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.49631792306900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.487382709980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2494969367980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13786795735359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0791139006614685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7243844270706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6525508761405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.599975049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.557311475276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49631792306900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.487382709980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2494969367980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13786795735359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0791139006614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3519385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3519385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22e7919125334edf838c64e8e8b46a3b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22e7919125334edf838c64e8e8b46a3b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 194962-194972 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3519385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3519385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8498174960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8434000388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014899831","https://openalex.org/W2059408092","https://openalex.org/W2135211381","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2166778460","https://openalex.org/W2543494894","https://openalex.org/W2568688547","https://openalex.org/W2893010297","https://openalex.org/W2989381829","https://openalex.org/W3039527760","https://openalex.org/W3081015702","https://openalex.org/W3088560023","https://openalex.org/W3115565761","https://openalex.org/W3116116507","https://openalex.org/W3140586337","https://openalex.org/W3164162644","https://openalex.org/W3181455672","https://openalex.org/W3187343772","https://openalex.org/W4226190192","https://openalex.org/W4243195860","https://openalex.org/W4281723230","https://openalex.org/W4283815101","https://openalex.org/W4368232772","https://openalex.org/W4376481309","https://openalex.org/W4387064029","https://openalex.org/W4388894018","https://openalex.org/W4391621128","https://openalex.org/W4400231955","https://openalex.org/W6839455418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036806516","https://openalex.org/W2065289416","https://openalex.org/W1967394420","https://openalex.org/W2565425548","https://openalex.org/W2392009442","https://openalex.org/W2087695844","https://openalex.org/W2017236304","https://openalex.org/W2154106283","https://openalex.org/W2912613323","https://openalex.org/W2142443274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zero-Trust":[0,132,140],"security":[1,33,95,186],"has":[2],"received":[3],"significant":[4],"attention":[5],"because":[6],"of":[7,36,48,72,81,101,127,170,232,247],"its":[8,106],"focus":[9],"on":[10,187,196,201,215,237],"the":[11,32,70,78,99,164,168,171,188,202,216,238,248],"need":[12],"to":[13,30,59,219],"constantly":[14],"verify":[15],"rather":[16],"than":[17],"trust,":[18],"especially":[19],"as":[20],"attackers":[21],"use":[22],"increasingly":[23],"sophisticated":[24],"methods.":[25],"It":[26,226],"is":[27,179,194],"now":[28],"critical":[29],"ensure":[31],"and":[34,62,77,112,150,154,174,206,251],"authenticity":[35,100],"Integrated":[37],"Circuits":[38],"(ICs),":[39],"particularly":[40],"in":[41,56],"important":[42],"systems":[43],"like":[44],"drones":[45],"or":[46],"Internet":[47],"Things":[49],"devices.":[50,225],"Since":[51],"most":[52],"ICs":[53],"are":[54,67],"manufactured":[55],"third-party":[57],"foundries":[58],"cut":[60],"costs":[61],"improve":[63],"production":[64],"efficiency,":[65],"there":[66],"concerns":[68],"about":[69],"theft":[71],"IC":[73],"design":[74],"intellectual":[75],"property":[76],"potential":[79],"deployment":[80],"hardware-level":[82],"trojans.":[83],"To":[84],"tackle":[85],"these":[86],"issues,":[87],"this":[88],"study":[89],"suggests":[90],"a":[91,131,139,155,180,210,228],"zero-trust":[92,185],"chip-to-chip":[93,115],"(ZTC2C)":[94],"architecture":[96,125,193],"that":[97],"verifies":[98],"any":[102],"connected":[103,165],"peripheral":[104],"before":[105],"use,":[107],"ensuring":[108],"secure,":[109],"trusted":[110],"interactions":[111],"enabling":[113],"robust":[114],"communication,":[116],"even":[117],"between":[118],"components":[119],"from":[120,222],"different":[121],"manufacturers.":[122],"The":[123,160,191],"proposed":[124,192],"consists":[126],"four":[128],"key":[129],"modules:":[130],"Processor":[133],"(ZTP)":[134],"with":[135,144,163],"an":[136,145,197],"RV64":[137],"core,":[138],"Management":[141,157],"(ZTM)":[142],"unit":[143],"RV32":[146],"core":[147],"featuring":[148],"Certificate":[149,156],"Secret":[151],"Storage":[152],"(CSS)":[153],"Unit":[158],"(CMU).":[159],"ZTP":[161],"interfaces":[162],"peripherals,":[166],"allowing":[167],"execution":[169],"Security":[172],"Protocol":[173],"Data":[175],"Model":[176],"(SPDM).":[177],"SPDM":[178],"reliable":[181],"option":[182],"for":[183],"achieving":[184],"hardware":[189],"level.":[190],"prototyped":[195],"embedded":[198],"platform":[199],"based":[200,214],"Genesys":[203,239],"2":[204,240],"board":[205,218],"then":[207],"integrated":[208],"into":[209],"drone":[211],"flight":[212],"controller":[213],"VCU118":[217],"protect":[220],"it":[221],"unauthenticated":[223],"plugged":[224],"achieved":[227],"peak":[229],"computational":[230],"performance":[231],"4":[233],"GFLOP/s":[234],"(8":[235],"GFLOP/s)":[236],"(VCU118)":[241],"platform,":[242],"using":[243],"only":[244],"32%":[245],"(22%)":[246],"available":[249],"resources":[250],"consuming":[252],"80":[253],"mW":[254],"(195":[255],"mW).":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
