{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405304091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3516572","title":"Spatial Deep Learning Approach to Older Driver Classification","display_name":"Spatial Deep Learning Approach to Older Driver Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405304091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3516572","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39748855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3516572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3516572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3516572","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020473941","display_name":"Charles Boateng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Boateng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7930-5360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093285910","display_name":"Seyedeh Gol Ara Ghoreishi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyedeh Gol Ara Ghoreishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3244-932X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037083521","display_name":"KwangSoo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-9908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwangsoo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-9908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039323802","display_name":"Muhammad Tanveer Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-0526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tanveer Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-0526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022263025","display_name":"Ruth M. Tappen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-8173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Tappen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026690758","display_name":"Jinwoo Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-698X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwoo Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-698X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088727983","display_name":"David Newman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-2428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Newman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020482479","display_name":"Sonia Moshfeghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-7248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Moshfeghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112544163","display_name":"Kelly Jackson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074968937","display_name":"Rhian Resnick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4635-013X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rhian Resnick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057260089","display_name":"Borko Furht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borko Furht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035599433","display_name":"M\u00f3nica Rosselli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-9505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Rosselli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005733717","display_name":"Joshua Conniff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-9373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Conniff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.1702,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.965794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12315","display_name":"Older Adults Driving Studies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12315","display_name":"Older Adults Driving Studies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7652347683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5533339381217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5062040686607361}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7652347683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5533339381217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5062040686607361}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3516572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3516572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39748855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39748855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11694628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11694628","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11694628/pdf/nihms-2042572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf099d747f34483cb1ab1c033bf2526f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf099d747f34483cb1ab1c033bf2526f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 191219-191230 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3516572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3516572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3124198021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01AG068472","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4241151826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1844565","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057243072","https://openalex.org/W2059519290","https://openalex.org/W2765280073","https://openalex.org/W2808265773","https://openalex.org/W3081824540","https://openalex.org/W3092268134","https://openalex.org/W3115225861","https://openalex.org/W3157033490","https://openalex.org/W3209356461","https://openalex.org/W3213093305","https://openalex.org/W4220991225","https://openalex.org/W4221096324","https://openalex.org/W4236374372","https://openalex.org/W4286858948","https://openalex.org/W4387975057","https://openalex.org/W4388084777","https://openalex.org/W4389141649","https://openalex.org/W4389740351","https://openalex.org/W4390081362","https://openalex.org/W4390481089","https://openalex.org/W4390481151","https://openalex.org/W4390481206","https://openalex.org/W4390481624","https://openalex.org/W4396238421","https://openalex.org/W4396855631","https://openalex.org/W4400893567","https://openalex.org/W4403210198","https://openalex.org/W6803144933","https://openalex.org/W6803306481","https://openalex.org/W6866574003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"telemetry":[1],"datasets":[2],"(e.g.,":[3],"GPS":[4],"location,":[5],"speed,":[6],"direction,":[7],"distance.),":[8],"the":[9,57,81,95,108],"Older":[10],"Driver":[11],"Classification":[12],"(ODC)":[13],"problem":[14,25,52],"identifies":[15,99],"two":[16],"groups":[17],"of":[18,56,61,83,110],"drivers:":[19],"normal":[20],"and":[21,38,59,90,134],"abnormal.":[22],"The":[23,51,105],"ODC":[24],"is":[26,53],"essential":[27],"in":[28],"many":[29],"societal":[30],"applications,":[31],"including":[32],"road":[33,127],"safety,":[34],"insurance":[35,131],"risk":[36,132],"assessment,":[37],"targeted":[39,136],"interventions":[40,137],"for":[41,125,138],"elderly":[42],"drivers":[43,101],"with":[44,102],"dementia":[45],"or":[46],"Mild":[47],"Cognitive":[48],"Impairment":[49],"(MCI).":[50],"challenging":[54],"because":[55],"volume":[58],"heterogeneity":[60],"temporally-detailed":[62],"vehicle":[63],"datasets.":[64],"This":[65,120],"paper":[66],"proposes":[67],"a":[68,91],"novel":[69],"spatial":[70],"deep-learning":[71],"approach":[72,97,121],"that":[73],"leverages":[74],"Grid-Index":[75],"based":[76],"data":[77],"augmentation":[78],"to":[79,113],"enhance":[80],"detection":[82],"abnormal":[84,100],"driving":[85,116],"behaviors.":[86],"Through":[87],"extensive":[88],"experiments":[89],"real-world":[92],"case":[93],"study,":[94],"proposed":[96],"consistently":[98],"high":[103],"accuracy.":[104],"findings":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"potential":[109],"grid-based":[111],"methods":[112],"improve":[114],"telematics-based":[115],"behavior":[117],"analysis":[118],"significantly.":[119],"offers":[122],"valuable":[123],"implications":[124],"enhancing":[126],"safety":[128],"measures,":[129],"optimizing":[130],"assessments,":[133],"developing":[135],"at-risk":[139],"drivers.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
