{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405270917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3515837","title":"Auto Evaluation for Essay Assessment Using a 1D Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Auto Evaluation for Essay Assessment Using a 1D Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405270917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3515837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3515837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3515837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3515837","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108183914","display_name":"Novalanza Grecea Pasaribu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I862893732","display_name":"Telkom University","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Novalanza Grecea Pasaribu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066893307","display_name":"Gelar Budiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-4219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I862893732","display_name":"Telkom University","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gelar Budiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-4219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043426809","display_name":"Indrarini Dyah Irawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I862893732","display_name":"Telkom University","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indrarini Dyah Irawati","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Sciences, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-3266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Sciences, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82922505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"188217","last_page":"188230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.7954000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.7422000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8008281588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7991024851799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5071671009063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3317221999168396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8008281588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7991024851799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5071671009063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3317221999168396}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3515837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3515837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f68d8543b94f40fea1b4918d37188a4e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f68d8543b94f40fea1b4918d37188a4e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 188217-188230 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3515837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3515837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002016471","https://openalex.org/W2029869759","https://openalex.org/W2810308578","https://openalex.org/W2896024503","https://openalex.org/W2901183446","https://openalex.org/W2905867583","https://openalex.org/W2955338161","https://openalex.org/W2979336078","https://openalex.org/W2981420100","https://openalex.org/W2993947411","https://openalex.org/W2995137127","https://openalex.org/W3011063819","https://openalex.org/W3014045917","https://openalex.org/W3016604291","https://openalex.org/W3024212125","https://openalex.org/W3040156639","https://openalex.org/W3099791176","https://openalex.org/W3100777112","https://openalex.org/W3106717751","https://openalex.org/W3112021641","https://openalex.org/W3113076290","https://openalex.org/W3132722649","https://openalex.org/W3187576247","https://openalex.org/W3200829430","https://openalex.org/W3202211871","https://openalex.org/W3213485152","https://openalex.org/W3217531555","https://openalex.org/W4205581135","https://openalex.org/W4205843060","https://openalex.org/W4283709948","https://openalex.org/W4285145459","https://openalex.org/W4293245966","https://openalex.org/W4293250563","https://openalex.org/W4313340637","https://openalex.org/W4321504745","https://openalex.org/W4366986563","https://openalex.org/W4379034093","https://openalex.org/W4379113548","https://openalex.org/W4379793938","https://openalex.org/W4381158137","https://openalex.org/W4385743659","https://openalex.org/W4386221235","https://openalex.org/W4386320384","https://openalex.org/W4388118598","https://openalex.org/W4388773795","https://openalex.org/W4389040626","https://openalex.org/W4389076554","https://openalex.org/W4390858500","https://openalex.org/W4392126253","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6769349878","https://openalex.org/W6788839039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"assessment":[1,242],"methods":[2],"often":[3],"face":[4],"a":[5,37,55,66,74,114,118,161,167,178,216],"trade-off":[6],"between":[7],"accessibility":[8],"and":[9,27,94,189,231,249],"in-depth":[10],"evaluation.":[11],"While":[12],"multiple-choice":[13],"exams":[14,35],"offer":[15],"easy":[16],"grading,":[17],"they":[18],"may":[19],"limit":[20],"the":[21,31,79,144,174,186,210,221,229,237,241],"ability":[22],"to":[23,40,65,92,133,143,184,239],"assess":[24],"critical":[25],"thinking":[26],"analytical":[28],"skills.":[29],"On":[30],"other":[32],"hand,":[33],"essay":[34,110,225],"provide":[36],"valuable":[38],"tool":[39],"gauge":[41],"these":[42,103],"skills,":[43],"but":[44],"their":[45,89],"manual":[46,224],"evaluation":[47],"has":[48,236],"several":[49],"drawbacks.":[50],"First,":[51],"grading":[52],"essays":[53],"is":[54,73,130],"time-consuming":[56],"process.":[57],"Each":[58],"student\u2019s":[59],"response":[60],"requires":[61],"individual":[62],"attention,":[63],"leading":[64,91],"significant":[67],"workload":[68,243],"for":[69,109,147,192,219,244],"educators.":[70],"Second,":[71],"subjectivity":[72],"major":[75],"concern.":[76],"Factors":[77],"like":[78],"evaluator\u2019s":[80],"mental":[81],"state,":[82],"fatigue,":[83],"or":[84],"even":[85],"background":[86],"can":[87],"influence":[88],"judgment,":[90],"inconsistencies":[93],"potential":[95,238],"biases":[96],"in":[97,160,251],"grading.":[98,226],"This":[99,128],"paper":[100],"proposes":[101],"solving":[102],"challenges":[104],"using":[105],"artificial":[106],"intelligence":[107],"(AI)":[108],"assessment.":[111],"We":[112],"present":[113],"novel":[115],"approach":[116,235],"utilizing":[117],"One-dimensional":[119],"Convolutional":[120],"Neural":[121],"Network":[122],"(1D":[123],"CNN)":[124],"deep":[125],"learning":[126,254],"model.":[127],"model":[129,195,214],"specifically":[131],"designed":[132],"analyze":[134],"image-based":[135],"student":[136,253],"answer":[137,155],"sheets,":[138],"automatically":[139],"classifying":[140],"them":[141],"according":[142],"scores":[145],"allocated":[146],"each":[148,164],"question.":[149],"The":[150,194],"dataset":[151],"used":[152,191],"consists":[153],"of":[154,201,223],"sheets":[156],"from":[157],"30":[158],"students":[159],"coding":[162],"class,":[163],"provided":[165],"with":[166,181],"pre-annotated":[168],"template.":[169],"Our":[170],"development":[171],"process":[172,230],"divided":[173],"available":[175],"data":[176],"into":[177],"60/40":[179],"split,":[180],"60%":[182],"dedicated":[183],"testing":[185],"model\u2019s":[187],"performance":[188],"40%":[190],"training.":[193,205],"achieved":[196],"an":[197],"average":[198],"validation":[199],"accuracy":[200],"81.18%":[202],"through":[203],"this":[204,234],"These":[206],"results":[207],"suggest":[208],"that":[209],"proposed":[211],"1D":[212],"CNN":[213],"offers":[215],"promising":[217],"avenue":[218],"mitigating":[220],"limitations":[222],"By":[227],"automating":[228],"reducing":[232],"subjectivity,":[233],"streamline":[240],"educators":[245],"while":[246],"promoting":[247],"consistency":[248],"fairness":[250],"evaluating":[252],"outcomes.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
