{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404840288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3509380","title":"Unified Schemes for Directive-Based GPU Offloading","display_name":"Unified Schemes for Directive-Based GPU Offloading","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404840288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3509380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3509380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3509380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3509380","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057376394","display_name":"Yohei Miki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-0220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yohei Miki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-0220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082103530","display_name":"Toshihiro Hanawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-6037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshihiro Hanawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-6037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2344046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"181644","last_page":"181665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8836679458618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5989019870758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5905696153640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.5222295522689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directive","display_name":"Directive","score":0.5025444030761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.4486185312271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4225076735019684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.41534411907196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4082961082458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3101968765258789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8836679458618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5989019870758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5905696153640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.5222295522689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.5025444030761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.4486185312271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4225076735019684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.41534411907196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4082961082458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3101968765258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3509380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3509380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2411.18889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.18889","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.18889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6609dced203d466dafc85435f24e649b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6609dced203d466dafc85435f24e649b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 181644-181665 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3509380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3509380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1548235631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20K14517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2123450042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20K21787","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2394244218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20K14517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G352637765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20H00580","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5972994606","display_name":"\u591a\u69d8\u5316\u3059\u308bGPU\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u9069\u3057\u305f\u958b\u767a\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u63a2\u6c42\u3068\u5b9f\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3078\u306e\u5c55\u958b","funder_award_id":"23K11123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7338231399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23K11123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8975172872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23K11123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8987994039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP22H00507","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7axw05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078794610","https://openalex.org/W2142673658","https://openalex.org/W2904561022","https://openalex.org/W3195293013","https://openalex.org/W4388581070","https://openalex.org/W6681081081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399354997","https://openalex.org/W3062287","https://openalex.org/W2380390332","https://openalex.org/W2742145873","https://openalex.org/W2023572661","https://openalex.org/W4245975140","https://openalex.org/W2532592438","https://openalex.org/W1977763331","https://openalex.org/W2062253548","https://openalex.org/W4225414539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GPU":[0,15,95],"is":[1,22,60],"the":[2,92,98,138,144],"dominant":[3],"accelerator":[4],"device":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7,26,90,112],"its":[8],"high":[9],"performance":[10],"and":[11,37,47,53,103,116,123,134,136,143,150,158,160],"energy":[12],"efficiency.":[13],"Directive-based":[14],"offloading":[16,96],"using":[17],"OpenACC":[18,36,49,102],"or":[19],"OpenMP":[20,38,65,104],"target":[21,39,66],"a":[23,80],"convenient":[24],"way":[25],"port":[27],"existing":[28],"codes":[29,152],"originally":[30],"developed":[31,79],"for":[32,62,94,121,126],"multicore":[33],"CPUs.":[34],"Although":[35],"provide":[40],"similar":[41],"features,":[42],"both":[43,101],"methods":[44],"have":[45,78],"pros":[46],"cons.":[48],"has":[50,71],"better":[51],"functions":[52,73],"an":[54],"abundance":[55],"of":[56,100,110],"documents,":[57],"but":[58,70],"it":[59],"virtually":[61],"NVIDIA":[63],"GPUs.":[64],"supports":[67],"NVIDIA/AMD/Intel":[68],"GPUs":[69],"fewer":[72],"than":[74],"OpenACC.":[75],"Here,":[76],"we":[77],"header-only":[81],"library,":[82],"Solomon":[83,106],"(Simple":[84],"Off-LOading":[85],"Macros":[86],"Orchestrating":[87],"multiple":[88],"Notations),":[89],"unify":[91],"interface":[93],"with":[97],"support":[99],"target.":[105],"provides":[107],"three":[108],"types":[109],"notations":[111,125],"reduce":[113],"users\u2019":[114],"implementation":[115,133],"learning":[117],"costs:":[118],"intuitive":[119],"notation":[120],"beginners":[122],"OpenACC/OpenMP-like":[124],"experienced":[127],"developers.":[128],"This":[129],"manuscript":[130],"denotes":[131],"Solomon\u2019s":[132],"usage":[135],"demonstrates":[137],"GPU-offloading":[139],"in":[140],"N-body":[141],"simulation":[142],"three-dimensional":[145],"diffusion":[146],"equation.":[147],"The":[148],"library":[149],"sample":[151],"are":[153],"provided":[154],"as":[155],"open-source":[156],"software":[157],"publicly":[159],"freely":[161],"available":[162],"at":[163],"<uri":[164],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[165],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/ymiki-repo/solomon</uri>.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}