{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404688264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3505422","title":"MPPT Reactive Control Algorithm for Heaving Wave Energy Converters With Power Setpoint Capabilities","display_name":"MPPT Reactive Control Algorithm for Heaving Wave Energy Converters With Power Setpoint Capabilities","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404688264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3505422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3505422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3505422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3505422","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082778319","display_name":"Abdin Y. Elamin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-5077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdin Y. Elamin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-5077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062816177","display_name":"Addy Wahyudie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-9000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Addy Wahyudie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-9000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062899682","display_name":"Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0433-684X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["AE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0433-684X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008993223","display_name":"Hussain Shareef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Shareef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-6904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016458177","display_name":"Rachid Errouissi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-6858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachid Errouissi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-6858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030113928","display_name":"Mohammad Shakeel Laghari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-1571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shakeel Laghari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-1571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAE-U), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009491543","display_name":"Marizan Mubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-7822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marizan Binti Mubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kualalumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-7822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kualalumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033169668","display_name":"Saad Mekhilef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-8995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Mekhilef","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia","School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-8995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74101303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"176779","last_page":"176798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11250","display_name":"Wave and Wind Energy Systems","score":0.7990999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11250","display_name":"Wave and Wind Energy Systems","score":0.7990999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/setpoint","display_name":"Setpoint","score":0.9591717720031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.673140287399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-energy-converter","display_name":"Wave energy converter","score":0.6020951867103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5252025723457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5229659676551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.5106826424598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48256149888038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4605860114097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.44770410656929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.36867624521255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2841973900794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.258216917514801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2259899377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21156105399131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08504492044448853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12302492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752097","display_name":"Setpoint","level":2,"score":0.9591717720031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.673140287399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985586866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208554","display_name":"Wave energy converter","level":3,"score":0.6020951867103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5252025723457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5229659676551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.5106826424598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48256149888038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4605860114097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.44770410656929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.36867624521255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2841973900794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.258216917514801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2259899377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21156105399131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08504492044448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3505422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3505422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92bae8c577bd4d83abe1e1a075997076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92bae8c577bd4d83abe1e1a075997076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 176779-176798 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3505422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3505422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1963279257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12R181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323593","funder_display_name":"United Arab Emirates University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2903124668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31N387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323593","funder_display_name":"United Arab Emirates University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323593","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969504058","https://openalex.org/W2014615439","https://openalex.org/W2036623908","https://openalex.org/W2039122775","https://openalex.org/W2049238989","https://openalex.org/W2059818450","https://openalex.org/W2066353294","https://openalex.org/W2073663497","https://openalex.org/W2081317648","https://openalex.org/W2098576551","https://openalex.org/W2116912549","https://openalex.org/W2136889516","https://openalex.org/W2137309962","https://openalex.org/W2138245911","https://openalex.org/W2139327983","https://openalex.org/W2146419443","https://openalex.org/W2155284444","https://openalex.org/W2162154580","https://openalex.org/W2200898411","https://openalex.org/W2202298783","https://openalex.org/W2266507041","https://openalex.org/W2475660216","https://openalex.org/W2517427687","https://openalex.org/W2519475804","https://openalex.org/W2601473260","https://openalex.org/W2610201856","https://openalex.org/W2620669038","https://openalex.org/W2749148139","https://openalex.org/W2756297249","https://openalex.org/W2759045511","https://openalex.org/W2767134652","https://openalex.org/W2768212727","https://openalex.org/W2791776910","https://openalex.org/W2794066770","https://openalex.org/W2939975521","https://openalex.org/W2953936648","https://openalex.org/W2967618336","https://openalex.org/W2997539602","https://openalex.org/W3011360878","https://openalex.org/W3048067669","https://openalex.org/W3092009290","https://openalex.org/W3213440188","https://openalex.org/W3217667142","https://openalex.org/W4205208040","https://openalex.org/W4210743812","https://openalex.org/W4285674648","https://openalex.org/W4291152234","https://openalex.org/W4293145806","https://openalex.org/W4303699924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495927848","https://openalex.org/W4205962020","https://openalex.org/W2620138946","https://openalex.org/W90946887","https://openalex.org/W191702426","https://openalex.org/W2994131054","https://openalex.org/W2066553546","https://openalex.org/W4255293822","https://openalex.org/W2608087111","https://openalex.org/W2201865471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reactive":[0],"control":[1,61,92,107,143,157,173],"is":[2,95,121],"a":[3,56,64,89,99,133],"popular":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,59,123],"maximizing":[7],"wave":[8,12,40,149,161],"energy":[9,13],"absorption":[10],"in":[11,48,188],"converters":[14],"(WECs).":[15],"This":[16,53,119],"technique":[17],"involves":[18],"adjusting":[19],"the":[20,26,34,78,105,141,182,185,190],"damping":[21,80,156,172],"and":[22,42,81,147,155],"stiffness":[23,82],"coefficients":[24,83],"of":[25,36,184],"WEC":[27,191],"to":[28,109,139,176,194],"align":[29],"its":[30,115],"natural":[31],"frequency":[32,35],"with":[33],"incoming":[37],"waves.":[38],"Unfortunately,":[39],"variability":[41],"complex":[43],"hydrodynamics":[44],"have":[45],"posed":[46],"challenges":[47],"accurately":[49],"determining":[50],"these":[51],"coefficients.":[52],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"model-independent":[57],"approach":[58],"reactive":[60],"based":[62,97],"on":[63,98],"variable":[65],"step":[66],"size":[67],"maximum":[68,85,116],"power":[69,90,111,127,192,197],"point":[70],"tracking":[71],"(MPPT)":[72],"algorithm.":[73],"The":[74,178],"MPPT":[75,106,154,165],"algorithm":[76],"tunes":[77],"WEC\u2019s":[79],"toward":[84],"generated":[86],"power.":[87],"Furthermore,":[88],"curtailment":[91],"(PCC)":[93],"strategy":[94,187],"integrated,":[96],"proportional-integral":[100],"(PI)":[101],"controller":[102],"that":[103,164],"modifies":[104],"force":[108],"follow":[110],"generation":[112,117,128],"references":[113],"below":[114],"capacity.":[118],"capability":[120],"essential":[122],"grid":[124],"integration,":[125],"where":[126],"must":[129],"match":[130],"demand.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"hardware-in-the-loop":[134],"experimental":[135,179],"setup":[136],"was":[137],"constructed":[138],"evaluate":[140],"proposed":[142],"strategies":[144],"under":[145,158],"monochromatic":[146],"polychromatic":[148,160],"conditions.":[150],"An":[151],"analysis":[152],"comparing":[153],"various":[159],"conditions":[162],"revealed":[163],"achieves":[166],"substantially":[167],"higher":[168],"electrical":[169],"power,":[170],"outperforming":[171],"by":[174],"55.4%":[175],"70.6%.":[177],"results":[180],"demonstrated":[181],"efficacy":[183],"PCC":[186],"reducing":[189],"output":[193],"track":[195],"specific":[196],"setpoints.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
