{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404576912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3504334","title":"Hyperspectral Identification of Milk Adulteration Using Advance Deep Learning","display_name":"Hyperspectral Identification of Milk Adulteration Using Advance Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404576912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3504334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3504334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3504334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3504334","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040025717","display_name":"Muhammad Aqeel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-598X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aqeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance Image Processing Research Laboratory (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","Advance Image Processing Research Lab (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-598X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance Image Processing Research Laboratory (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance Image Processing Research Lab (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032734267","display_name":"Ahmed Sohaib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Sohaib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance Image Processing Research Laboratory (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","Advance Image Processing Research Lab (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-3139","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance Image Processing Research Laboratory (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance Image Processing Research Lab (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-3311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance Image Processing Research Laboratory (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","Advance Image Processing Research Lab (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-3311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance Image Processing Research Laboratory (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance Image Processing Research Lab (AIPRL), Institute of Computer and Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072148840","display_name":"Syed Sajid Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-0389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Sajid Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-0389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.0772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91853627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"174965","last_page":"174982"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.8514999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.8514999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14010","display_name":"Food Industry and Aquatic Biology","score":0.8432000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.7587000131607056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8540455102920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.696014404296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6540448069572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6201162338256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45868468284606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.0749395489692688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8540455102920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.696014404296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6540448069572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6201162338256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45868468284606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0749395489692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3504334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3504334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c072d1c08dda4dd18a7f2ee3b3781861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c072d1c08dda4dd18a7f2ee3b3781861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 174965-174982 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3504334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3504334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056149852","https://openalex.org/W2574685981","https://openalex.org/W3012058038","https://openalex.org/W3035611289","https://openalex.org/W3093372346","https://openalex.org/W3156599272","https://openalex.org/W3201832632","https://openalex.org/W4220970961","https://openalex.org/W4224941597","https://openalex.org/W4229000606","https://openalex.org/W4280636463","https://openalex.org/W4293739433","https://openalex.org/W4312239506","https://openalex.org/W4368364704","https://openalex.org/W4378675802","https://openalex.org/W4387223184","https://openalex.org/W4387363544","https://openalex.org/W4387847423","https://openalex.org/W4388000008","https://openalex.org/W4388979504","https://openalex.org/W4390357064","https://openalex.org/W4390826550","https://openalex.org/W4391490675","https://openalex.org/W4391891731","https://openalex.org/W4391912858","https://openalex.org/W4392236432","https://openalex.org/W4392308946","https://openalex.org/W4392812937","https://openalex.org/W4392942144","https://openalex.org/W4394966500","https://openalex.org/W4395021173","https://openalex.org/W4395673500","https://openalex.org/W4398185362","https://openalex.org/W4398224613","https://openalex.org/W4400219358","https://openalex.org/W4401327508","https://openalex.org/W7025100807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Food":[0],"adulteration":[1,53,151],"poses":[2],"significant":[3],"health":[4],"risks":[5],"globally":[6],"and":[7,28,38,48,73,101,129,138,141,175],"is":[8,19],"rigorously":[9],"monitored":[10],"by":[11],"safety":[12],"authorities.":[13],"In":[14],"developing":[15],"nations,":[16],"where":[17],"milk":[18,52,143],"highly":[20],"prone":[21],"to":[22,136],"contamination":[23],"(with":[24],"Brazil,":[25],"India,":[26],"China,":[27],"Pakistan":[29],"producing":[30],"half":[31],"of":[32],"the":[33,83,106],"world\u2019s":[34],"milk),":[35],"stringent":[36],"detection":[37],"classification":[39],"techniques":[40,163],"are":[41,134],"essential.":[42],"This":[43],"study":[44],"employs":[45],"both":[46],"destructive":[47,56],"non-destructive":[49,76],"methods":[50],"for":[51,60,88],"analysis.":[54],"The":[55,75,153],"method":[57,77,109],"uses":[58],"Lactoscan":[59],"comprehensive":[61],"qualitative":[62],"measurements,":[63],"including":[64,115],"temperature,":[65],"pH,":[66],"conductivity,":[67],"solids,":[68],"protein,":[69],"density,":[70],"fat":[71],"content,":[72],"SNF.":[74],"utilizes":[78],"hyperspectral":[79],"imaging":[80],"(HSI)":[81],"with":[82,157],"Specim":[84],"Fx-10":[85],"(397\u20131003":[86],"nm)":[87],"image-based":[89],"analysis,":[90],"involving":[91],"preprocessing":[92],"steps":[93],"like":[94],"image":[95],"scaling,":[96],"ROI":[97],"selection,":[98],"radiometric":[99],"correction,":[100],"spectral":[102],"reflectance":[103],"extraction":[104],"using":[105],"empirical":[107],"line":[108],"(ELM).":[110],"Advanced":[111],"deep":[112],"learning":[113],"models,":[114],"Convolutional":[116],"Neural":[117,121],"Networks":[118,122],"(CNN),":[119],"Artificial":[120],"(ANN),":[123],"Long":[124],"Short-Term":[125],"Memory":[126],"networks":[127],"(LSTM),":[128],"Gated":[130],"Recurrent":[131],"Units":[132],"(GRU),":[133],"employed":[135],"predict":[137],"classify":[139],"pure":[140],"adulterated":[142],"spectra.":[144],"CNNs":[145],"showed":[146],"superior":[147],"performance":[148],"in":[149],"identifying":[150],"trends.":[152],"proposed":[154],"pipeline,":[155],"validated":[156],"a":[158],"97%":[159],"accuracy,":[160,170],"outperforms":[161],"state-of-the-art":[162],"based":[164],"on":[165],"metrics":[166],"such":[167],"as":[168],"Kappa,":[169],"precision,":[171],"recall,":[172],"F1-score,":[173],"MCC,":[174],"Jaccard":[176],"Index.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}