{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404627997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502629","title":"TS-ECG: A Deep Learning Approach for Classification Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation During Normal Sinus Rhythm","display_name":"TS-ECG: A Deep Learning Approach for Classification Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation During Normal Sinus Rhythm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404627997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3502629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502629","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103021180","display_name":"Myoungsoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8756-4304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myoungsoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8756-4304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074696041","display_name":"Yong\u2010Soo Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-0446"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Soo Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepCardio Company Ltd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepCardio Company Ltd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676173","display_name":"Sang\u2010Chul Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-2416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Chul Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-2416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079121497","display_name":"Dae\u2010Hyeok Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8308-7866"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dae-Hyeok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepCardio Company Ltd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8308-7866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepCardio Company Ltd., Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067107785","display_name":"Soonil Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4791-6855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soonil Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4791-6855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029213210","display_name":"So-Ryung Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"So-Ryung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107914436","display_name":"Eue-Keun Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eue-Keun Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012930130","display_name":"Seung Yong Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-6899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799980853","display_name":"Korea University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs2sd33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Yong Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-6899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066569991","display_name":"Wonik Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-2829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonik Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-2829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69194962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"186035","last_page":"186046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paroxysmal-atrial-fibrillation","display_name":"Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","score":0.8134776949882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sinus-rhythm","display_name":"Sinus rhythm","score":0.7071493864059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-sinus-rhythm","display_name":"Normal Sinus Rhythm","score":0.6978665590286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-fibrillation","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","score":0.6867833137512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.628692626953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhythm","display_name":"Rhythm","score":0.5798003077507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.5187202095985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.49443984031677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4252835512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38178011775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3542476296424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34547674655914307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985986913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","level":3,"score":0.8134776949882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775914520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12335414","display_name":"Sinus rhythm","level":3,"score":0.7071493864059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908745016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12335414","display_name":"Normal Sinus Rhythm","level":3,"score":0.6978665590286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.6867833137512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.628692626953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.5798003077507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5187202095985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.49443984031677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4252835512161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38178011775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3542476296424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34547674655914307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3502629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:667761e7585648d4a83eac3b60557d7d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/667761e7585648d4a83eac3b60557d7d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 186035-186046 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3502629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20074729","https://openalex.org/W1468476315","https://openalex.org/W2045622353","https://openalex.org/W2083716196","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2098816250","https://openalex.org/W2105708825","https://openalex.org/W2160439670","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2398077940","https://openalex.org/W2401391822","https://openalex.org/W2783767524","https://openalex.org/W2802094730","https://openalex.org/W2887119478","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2945636339","https://openalex.org/W2948995481","https://openalex.org/W2953441447","https://openalex.org/W2965520043","https://openalex.org/W2971690570","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3166902960","https://openalex.org/W3198794774","https://openalex.org/W4220662349","https://openalex.org/W4226042841","https://openalex.org/W4226287143","https://openalex.org/W4252337780","https://openalex.org/W4285740536","https://openalex.org/W4296251787","https://openalex.org/W4303614315","https://openalex.org/W4309772368","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6606625492","https://openalex.org/W6747337883","https://openalex.org/W6749825310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994902122","https://openalex.org/W2670182161","https://openalex.org/W4393997910","https://openalex.org/W2374629500","https://openalex.org/W2264903241","https://openalex.org/W4385876335","https://openalex.org/W2952713838","https://openalex.org/W1970318676","https://openalex.org/W4255839939","https://openalex.org/W2697114344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Atrial":[0],"fibrillation":[1,25],"(AF)":[2],"is":[3,27,42,79,262],"the":[4,30,60,67,83,115,134,159,163,166,169,173,192,196,199,230,238,244],"most":[5],"common":[6],"cardiac":[7],"arrhythmia":[8],"and":[9,20,38,62,86,128,168,184,213,252,258],"can":[10],"lead":[11],"to":[12,59,91,111],"serious":[13],"complications,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"stroke,":[17],"systemic":[18],"embolism,":[19],"heart":[21],"failure.":[22],"Paroxysmal":[23],"atrial":[24],"(PAF)":[26],"one":[28,156],"of":[29,66,93,118,165,198,211,254],"critical":[31],"AF":[32,212],"types":[33],"that":[34,143,171],"should":[35],"be":[36],"detected":[37],"managed":[39],"early.":[40],"PAF":[41,71,119,182,218],"diagnosable":[43],"when":[44],"a":[45,106,139,222],"10-second,":[46],"12-lead":[47],"ECG":[48,127,130,136,167,203],"shows":[49],"an":[50,241],"irregular":[51],"rhythm.":[52],"However,":[53],"detection":[54],"yield":[55],"remains":[56],"low":[57],"due":[58],"intermittent":[61],"often":[63,89],"asymptomatic":[64],"nature":[65],"condition.":[68],"Furthermore,":[69],"detecting":[70],"on":[72,158,202],"ECGs":[73,124,179,186],"during":[74,120,219],"normal":[75],"sinus":[76],"rhythm":[77,160],"(NSR)":[78],"more":[80],"difficult":[81],"because":[82],"RR":[84],"interval":[85],"P-wave":[87,174],"are":[88],"similar":[90],"those":[92,215],"healthy":[94,189,206],"individuals,":[95],"making":[96],"accurate":[97],"diagnosis":[98,117],"even":[99],"harder.":[100],"In":[101],"this":[102],"study,":[103],"we":[104],"introduce":[105],"deep":[107,140],"learning":[108,141],"model":[109,142,201,239],"designed":[110],"assist":[112],"cardiologists":[113],"in":[114,150,226],"early":[116],"NSR":[121,220],"by":[122],"classifying":[123],"into":[125],"Healthy-NSR":[126],"PAF-NSR":[129,231],"categories.":[131],"We":[132,176,194],"propose":[133],"total-sub-length":[135],"(TS-ECG)":[137],"network,":[138],"simultaneously":[144],"learns":[145,172],"two":[146,154],"distinct":[147],"features":[148],"manifesting":[149],"AF.":[151],"TS-ECG":[152],"comprises":[153],"frameworks:":[155],"focusing":[157],"characteristics":[161],"across":[162],"total-length":[164],"other":[170],"segments.":[175],"collected":[177],"3,591":[178],"from":[180,187,205,214,234],"785":[181],"patients":[183],"4,385":[185],"1,583":[188],"individuals":[190,207],"for":[191],"study.":[193],"verified":[195],"performance":[197],"proposed":[200],"data":[204],"with":[208],"no":[209],"history":[210],"who":[216],"experienced":[217],"at":[221,264],"multicenter":[223],"university":[224],"hospital":[225],"South":[227],"Korea.":[228],"On":[229],"test":[232],"dataset":[233],"Inha":[235],"University":[236],"Hospital,":[237],"achieved":[240],"area":[242],"under":[243],"receiver":[245],"operating":[246],"characteristic":[247],"curve":[248],"(AUROC),":[249],"precision,":[250],"recall,":[251],"F1-score":[253],"0.940,":[255],"0.874,":[256],"0.879,":[257],"0.876,":[259],"respectively.":[260],"Code":[261],"available":[263],"<uri":[265],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[266],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/mskim1024/TS-ECG</uri>":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}