{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404520752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502393","title":"Electrical Characterization of Pantograph and Catenary Offline Under Train Operating Conditions Based on Improved Habedank Model and AT Power Supply Network","display_name":"Electrical Characterization of Pantograph and Catenary Offline Under Train Operating Conditions Based on Improved Habedank Model and AT Power Supply Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404520752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3502393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502393","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074804789","display_name":"Like Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1981-2592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Like Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060246595","display_name":"Hongrui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7194-4728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongchi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039898090","display_name":"Zhiqiang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-5322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-5322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103326702","display_name":"Tong Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5334-850X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5334-850X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062650367","display_name":"Caizhi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-5644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caizhi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334739","display_name":"Yuan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077759795","display_name":"Xiaohan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-8725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004658466","display_name":"Jianxiang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-5257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxiang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Standards and Metrology Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101872432","display_name":"Xiaoyun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-4424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-4424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040770311","display_name":"Yuehua Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-8456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuehua Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-8456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100747830","display_name":"Tao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-9017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108954003","display_name":"Xudong Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106417989","display_name":"Jianhua Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1200-0553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106418217","display_name":"Wenxia Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90090648","display_name":"Shijiazhuang Tiedao University","ror":"https://ror.org/022e9e065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxia Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8537-8477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90090648"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1064,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7883186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"174343","last_page":"174353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12371","display_name":"Electrical Contact Performance and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catenary","display_name":"Catenary","score":0.9582821130752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pantograph","display_name":"Pantograph","score":0.7647751569747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5359132885932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.48560065031051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.464843213558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-network","display_name":"Power network","score":0.4627772271633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4519311487674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3948007822036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.23600223660469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21067842841148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.19946527481079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.17490503191947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.10546565055847168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29279314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214561","display_name":"Catenary","level":2,"score":0.9582821130752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20756127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722757","display_name":"Pantograph","level":2,"score":0.7647751569747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5359132885932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.48560065031051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.464843213558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989126829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Power network","level":4,"score":0.4627772271633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4519311487674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3948007822036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.23600223660469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21067842841148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.19946527481079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17490503191947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.10546565055847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3502393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ddbd952d07084218aac37c4dc280be5e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ddbd952d07084218aac37c4dc280be5e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 174343-174353 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3502393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3502393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G945117142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YJ277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330172","funder_display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330172","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077615477","https://openalex.org/W2535304743","https://openalex.org/W2899368471","https://openalex.org/W2911354136","https://openalex.org/W2914356057","https://openalex.org/W2917052459","https://openalex.org/W2923653289","https://openalex.org/W2981214366","https://openalex.org/W3014597842","https://openalex.org/W3090057873","https://openalex.org/W3092594909","https://openalex.org/W3115300804","https://openalex.org/W3130548437","https://openalex.org/W4210273525","https://openalex.org/W4214930753","https://openalex.org/W4292260940","https://openalex.org/W4292454881","https://openalex.org/W4293869012","https://openalex.org/W4295308714","https://openalex.org/W4297514008","https://openalex.org/W4317419768","https://openalex.org/W4323365036","https://openalex.org/W4378906445","https://openalex.org/W4382025218","https://openalex.org/W4383113529","https://openalex.org/W4390272756","https://openalex.org/W4392857781","https://openalex.org/W4398784050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352865025","https://openalex.org/W2939045761","https://openalex.org/W2355211658","https://openalex.org/W2067167195","https://openalex.org/W2057969614","https://openalex.org/W2361809279","https://openalex.org/W2670755988","https://openalex.org/W2387550916","https://openalex.org/W2389297227","https://openalex.org/W2937048722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Presently,":[0],"with":[1,191],"the":[2,5,11,18,25,52,56,61,70,78,83,94,100,104,109,125,129,134,136,166,172,183,187,205,208,212,216,222,236,239,249,252,255],"increase":[3],"in":[4,194],"operating":[6,58],"speed":[7],"of":[8,14,27,69,77,99,133,144,165,186,207,211,228,238,244,251],"a":[9,34,41,115,151,178,195,233,245],"train,":[10,213],"off-line":[12,95,161],"phenomenon":[13],"its":[15,28],"pantograph":[16,102,167],"and":[17,64,82,103,117,123,154,168,218,242],"contact":[19],"wire":[20],"occurs":[21],"intermittently,":[22],"which":[23],"affects":[24],"quality":[26],"receiving":[29],"current.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,145,229],"paper,":[33],"distributed":[35,192],"parameter-based":[36],"Habedank":[37,79],"arc":[38,80,97],"model":[39,81,146,164,190],"for":[40,158,235],"fully":[42,196],"parallel":[43,197],"AT":[44,198],"power":[45,199],"supply":[46,200],"network":[47],"is":[48,147,150],"developed":[49],"to":[50,128,181],"examine":[51],"electrical":[53,184,240],"characteristics":[54,132,185,241],"under":[55,171,254],"typical":[57],"conditions,":[59],"including":[60],"normal":[62],"travel":[63],"entry/exit":[65],"stations.":[66],"The":[67,90,142,225],"incorporation":[68],"train":[71,101,253],"acceleration":[72],"parameter":[73],"facilitates":[74],"further":[75],"enhancement":[76],"equivalent":[84],"dynamic":[85,131],"resistance,":[86],"also":[87],"validating":[88],"them.":[89],"results":[91,227],"show":[92,114],"that":[93,148],"discharge":[96,162,189,223],"voltage":[98,106],"locomotive":[105],"waveform":[107,138],"during":[108,248],"overcurrent":[110],"phase":[111],"separation":[112],"interval":[113],"decreasing":[116],"increasing":[118],"trend":[119],"respectively":[120],"when":[121],"entering":[122,217],"leaving":[124,219],"station.":[126],"Due":[127],"nonlinear":[130],"arc,":[135],"overall":[137],"contains":[139],"many":[140],"harmonics.":[141],"advantage":[143],"it":[149,203],"simple,":[152],"rapid,":[153],"highly":[155],"accurate":[156],"method":[157],"constructing":[159],"an":[160],"circuit":[163],"catenary":[169],"(PAC)":[170],"working":[173,256],"conditions.":[174,257],"This":[175],"paper":[176,230],"introduces":[177],"novel":[179],"approach":[180],"studying":[182],"PAC":[188,246],"parameters":[193],"network.":[201],"Also,":[202],"considers":[204],"effects":[206],"operational":[209],"conditions":[210],"such":[214],"as":[215],"stations,":[220],"on":[221],"characteristics.":[224],"research":[226],"can":[231],"provide":[232],"reference":[234],"identification":[237],"protection":[243],"equipment":[247],"operation":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}