{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404238325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3495519","title":"Anomaly Detection for Aviation Cyber-Physical System: Opportunities and Challenges","display_name":"Anomaly Detection for Aviation Cyber-Physical System: Opportunities and Challenges","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404238325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3495519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3495519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3495519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3495519","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114592613","display_name":"Qurrat Ul Ain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qurrat Ul Ain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4892-2974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063333232","display_name":"Atif Aftab Ahmed Jilani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8311-8279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atif Aftab Ahmed Jilani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8311-8279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108249413","display_name":"Nigar Azhar Butt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7560-1023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigar Azhar Butt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7560-1023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049668434","display_name":"Shafiq Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2677-0108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafiq Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2677-0108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013334584","display_name":"Hisham Alhulayyil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hisham Abdulrahman Alhulayyil","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.4437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90709419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"175905","last_page":"175925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7902190685272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.6784809231758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5510804653167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.4911298453807831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4868983328342438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.4551905691623688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2297213077545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.16353753209114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14486247301101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08589988946914673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7902190685272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.6784809231758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5510804653167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.4911298453807831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4868983328342438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4551905691623688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2297213077545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.16353753209114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14486247301101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08589988946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3495519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3495519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee650fe8c5dd4832aa9486c19ffb1e78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee650fe8c5dd4832aa9486c19ffb1e78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 175905-175925 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3495519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3495519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G771703974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IMSIU-RG23147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335726","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335726","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W283324283","https://openalex.org/W1892149550","https://openalex.org/W1966809779","https://openalex.org/W1967355699","https://openalex.org/W2019398235","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2149713648","https://openalex.org/W2169239645","https://openalex.org/W2281821379","https://openalex.org/W2413695887","https://openalex.org/W2508152242","https://openalex.org/W2554061044","https://openalex.org/W2766371723","https://openalex.org/W2769308410","https://openalex.org/W2808275795","https://openalex.org/W2890707978","https://openalex.org/W2895874880","https://openalex.org/W2954279117","https://openalex.org/W2967235117","https://openalex.org/W2982490718","https://openalex.org/W2985932714","https://openalex.org/W2994825190","https://openalex.org/W2996525114","https://openalex.org/W3027540515","https://openalex.org/W3040374527","https://openalex.org/W3040805771","https://openalex.org/W3042611023","https://openalex.org/W3048044234","https://openalex.org/W3095687980","https://openalex.org/W3111183513","https://openalex.org/W3118609929","https://openalex.org/W3128146114","https://openalex.org/W3128339542","https://openalex.org/W3163348536","https://openalex.org/W3164160032","https://openalex.org/W3164952570","https://openalex.org/W3186074783","https://openalex.org/W3204620932","https://openalex.org/W4200048387","https://openalex.org/W4200632541","https://openalex.org/W4206746675","https://openalex.org/W4206910340","https://openalex.org/W4211131220","https://openalex.org/W4283119693","https://openalex.org/W4285126406","https://openalex.org/W4285241024","https://openalex.org/W4285288113","https://openalex.org/W4293170193","https://openalex.org/W4293812071","https://openalex.org/W4293875029","https://openalex.org/W4304761972","https://openalex.org/W4317653976","https://openalex.org/W4317821550","https://openalex.org/W4318830464","https://openalex.org/W4320004417","https://openalex.org/W4323767906","https://openalex.org/W4360605096","https://openalex.org/W4361793677","https://openalex.org/W4365516301","https://openalex.org/W4366250552","https://openalex.org/W4366374384","https://openalex.org/W4366813518","https://openalex.org/W4367316138","https://openalex.org/W4376144011","https://openalex.org/W4376605566","https://openalex.org/W4376606235","https://openalex.org/W4379877647","https://openalex.org/W4384519227","https://openalex.org/W4385275336","https://openalex.org/W4385423342","https://openalex.org/W4385516975","https://openalex.org/W4386480791","https://openalex.org/W4387022207","https://openalex.org/W4387521020","https://openalex.org/W4388599267","https://openalex.org/W4389138742","https://openalex.org/W4390291309","https://openalex.org/W4390705981","https://openalex.org/W4390939457","https://openalex.org/W4391098453","https://openalex.org/W4391769820","https://openalex.org/W4392633671","https://openalex.org/W4393061365","https://openalex.org/W4393359060","https://openalex.org/W4396927979","https://openalex.org/W4399206409","https://openalex.org/W4399359185","https://openalex.org/W4399583121","https://openalex.org/W4399708682","https://openalex.org/W6704139216","https://openalex.org/W6784300034","https://openalex.org/W6854059876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3120251014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anomaly":[0],"detection":[1,26,75,179],"in":[2,27,55],"Aviation":[3,28,182],"CPS":[4],"is":[5,108,129],"critical":[6],"to":[7,102,151,158],"ensuring":[8],"safety":[9],"and":[10,35,70,77,99,126,146,165,176],"reliability.":[11],"This":[12,155],"systematic":[13],"literature":[14],"review":[15,38,81,156],"explores":[16],"the":[17,49,61,80,88,100,109,115,159,171],"landscape":[18],"of":[19,51,64,91,173],"machine":[20],"learning":[21,45],"techniques":[22],"used":[23],"for":[24,43,117,136,181],"anomaly":[25,178],"CPS,":[29],"analyzing":[30],"studies":[31],"published":[32],"between":[33],"2014":[34],"2024.":[36],"The":[37,131],"identifies":[39],"a":[40,118],"strong":[41],"preference":[42],"unsupervised":[44,71],"methods,":[46],"driven":[47],"by":[48,161],"challenges":[50],"acquiring":[52],"labeled":[53],"data":[54],"aviation":[56],"contexts.":[57],"Additionally,":[58],"it":[59],"highlights":[60],"emerging":[62],"trend":[63],"hybrid":[65,144],"models":[66],"that":[67,122,168],"combine":[68],"supervised":[69],"techniques,":[72],"offering":[73],"improved":[74],"accuracy":[76,107],"robustness.":[78],"However,":[79],"also":[82],"reveals":[83],"significant":[84],"obstacles,":[85],"such":[86],"as":[87],"limited":[89],"availability":[90],"publicly":[92],"accessible":[93],"datasets,":[94,142],"which":[95],"hampers":[96],"research":[97],"progress":[98],"ability":[101],"benchmark":[103],"models.":[104],"Moreover,":[105],"while":[106],"most":[110],"commonly":[111],"reported":[112],"performance":[113],"metric,":[114],"need":[116],"broader":[119],"evaluation":[120],"framework":[121],"includes":[123],"precision,":[124],"recall,":[125],"other":[127],"metrics":[128],"emphasized.":[130],"findings":[132],"suggest":[133],"several":[134],"directions":[135],"future":[137],"research,":[138],"including":[139],"developing":[140],"standardized":[141],"optimizing":[143],"models,":[145],"integrating":[147],"explainable":[148],"AI":[149],"(XAI)":[150],"enhance":[152],"model":[153],"interpretability.":[154],"contributes":[157],"field":[160],"synthesizing":[162],"current":[163],"knowledge":[164],"providing":[166],"insights":[167],"could":[169],"guide":[170],"development":[172],"more":[174],"effective":[175],"reliable":[177],"systems":[180],"CPS.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}