{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404132662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493389","title":"A Sequential-Data Approach for Human Gait Parameter Estimation and Surgical Event Inference","display_name":"A Sequential-Data Approach for Human Gait Parameter Estimation and Surgical Event Inference","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404132662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3493389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493389","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073837035","display_name":"Shahzaib Hamid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-5076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzaib Hamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-5076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067387339","display_name":"Ikramullah Khosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-9358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikramullah Khosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-9358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045362793","display_name":"Muhammad Aksam Iftikhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5456-5567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aksam Iftikhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042806750","display_name":"Muhammad Rehan Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-0833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Rehan Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-0833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038398436","display_name":"Muhammad Arslan Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-4595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Arslan Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-4595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59509875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"168791","last_page":"168811"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.944599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6818881034851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6471170783042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.5078454613685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.501091480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.48900306224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-data","display_name":"Event data","score":0.4669678509235382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.45868611335754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.4522349238395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.4463476538658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomechanics","display_name":"Biomechanics","score":0.44057220220565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4300374984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36818474531173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2284727394580841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.22221022844314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12535342574119568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6818881034851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6471170783042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.5078454613685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.501091480255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.48900306224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987896495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416716","display_name":"Event data","level":3,"score":0.4669678509235382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.45868611335754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.4522349238395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.4463476538658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.44057220220565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4300374984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36818474531173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2284727394580841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.22221022844314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12535342574119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3493389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:56259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/56259/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2fda4eaa50cf45d3b282ea4f238923e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2fda4eaa50cf45d3b282ea4f238923e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 168791-168811 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3493389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978621026","https://openalex.org/W1990626567","https://openalex.org/W1991407193","https://openalex.org/W2121147465","https://openalex.org/W2134938104","https://openalex.org/W2508619106","https://openalex.org/W2724857106","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2909861393","https://openalex.org/W2944134122","https://openalex.org/W2955208835","https://openalex.org/W2981660954","https://openalex.org/W2985151947","https://openalex.org/W2991499674","https://openalex.org/W2998027150","https://openalex.org/W3000884041","https://openalex.org/W3004162361","https://openalex.org/W3020464521","https://openalex.org/W3036689927","https://openalex.org/W3048912365","https://openalex.org/W3082070709","https://openalex.org/W3083914698","https://openalex.org/W3097379189","https://openalex.org/W3120618935","https://openalex.org/W3127541398","https://openalex.org/W3133590696","https://openalex.org/W3135602850","https://openalex.org/W3137424337","https://openalex.org/W3177563175","https://openalex.org/W3179795525","https://openalex.org/W3182280043","https://openalex.org/W3198180660","https://openalex.org/W3201162533","https://openalex.org/W3209675780","https://openalex.org/W3214529626","https://openalex.org/W4200025266","https://openalex.org/W4200103605","https://openalex.org/W4200147717","https://openalex.org/W4200243094","https://openalex.org/W4200244836","https://openalex.org/W4205653891","https://openalex.org/W4206305785","https://openalex.org/W4206703604","https://openalex.org/W4207050394","https://openalex.org/W4212837673","https://openalex.org/W4220816783","https://openalex.org/W4226057760","https://openalex.org/W4226124428","https://openalex.org/W4280615738","https://openalex.org/W4285079113","https://openalex.org/W4364305686","https://openalex.org/W4385840598","https://openalex.org/W4386572391","https://openalex.org/W6770820070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014307317","https://openalex.org/W2668228314","https://openalex.org/W1537355970","https://openalex.org/W581996473","https://openalex.org/W2183559900","https://openalex.org/W2722458086","https://openalex.org/W6628501","https://openalex.org/W1543792462","https://openalex.org/W2111817142","https://openalex.org/W2413785556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"gait":[1,12,18,70,99,144,201,223],"analysis":[2,19,115,164,167],"is":[3,52,91,124,146,218],"performed":[4,125],"in":[5],"clinical":[6],"research":[7,65],"studies":[8],"by":[9,98],"estimating":[10],"relevant":[11],"parameters":[13,71,145],"(GPs).":[14],"Conventional":[15],"approaches":[16],"for":[17,24,193],"involve":[20],"expensive":[21],"wearable":[22],"sensors":[23],"three-dimensional":[25],"motion":[26],"capture":[27],"requiring":[28],"specialized":[29,60],"knowledge":[30],"while":[31],"possessing":[32],"limited":[33],"data.":[34],"Video-based":[35],"pose":[36,87],"estimation":[37,67,102],"techniques":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40,148,150,210],"Openpose":[41],"provide":[42],"the":[43,57,127,161,175,180,206,213,221],"key":[44,74],"points":[45,75,82],"data":[46,76,90],"using":[47,72,85,220],"a":[48],"two-dimensional":[49],"video,":[50],"which":[51,204],"easy":[53],"to":[54,159],"record":[55],"without":[56],"need":[58],"of":[59,68,116,119],"equipment":[61],"or":[62],"personnel.":[63],"This":[64],"presents":[66],"human":[69],"sequential":[73,89],"extracted":[77,84],"from":[78],"2-D":[79],"videos.":[80],"Key":[81],"are":[83,131,168,197],"open":[86],"and":[88,109,126,141,155,165,186,195],"furnished,":[92],"deep":[93],"learning":[94,188],"network":[95,122,184],"developed,":[96],"followed":[97],"parameter":[100],"(GP)":[101],"including":[103],"Speed,":[104],"Cadence,":[105],"Gait":[106],"deviation":[107],"index":[108],"Knee":[110],"flex.":[111],"After":[112],"development,":[113],"rigorous":[114],"24":[117],"architectures":[118,178],"recurrent":[120],"neural":[121,183],"(RNN)":[123],"best":[128],"two":[129],"models":[130],"chosen.":[132],"For":[133],"performance":[134,209],"evaluation,":[135],"correlation":[136],"between":[137],"sensor-based":[138],"recorded":[139],"true":[140],"video-based":[142],"estimated":[143,222],"computed,":[147],"well":[149],"training":[151],"vs.":[152],"validation":[153],"loss":[154],"computational":[156],"complexity.":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"strengthen":[160],"results,":[162],"error":[163],"demographic":[166],"presented.":[169],"The":[170,191],"experimental":[171],"results":[172,192],"demonstrate":[173],"that":[174],"proposed":[176],"RNN-based":[177],"outperform":[179],"state-of-the-art":[181],"convolutional":[182],"(CNN)":[185],"machine":[187],"based":[189],"models.":[190],"RNN":[194,208],"CNN":[196],"also":[198],"evaluated":[199],"on":[200],"identification":[202],"dataset":[203],"states":[205],"superior":[207],"well.":[211],"Moreover,":[212],"surgical":[214],"event":[215],"diagnostic":[216],"inference":[217],"provided":[219],"parameters.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}