{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404132887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493140","title":"SLiTRANet: An EEG-Based Automated Diagnosis Framework for Major Depressive Disorder Monitoring Using a Novel LGCN and Transformer-Based Hybrid Deep Learning Approach","display_name":"SLiTRANet: An EEG-Based Automated Diagnosis Framework for Major Depressive Disorder Monitoring Using a Novel LGCN and Transformer-Based Hybrid Deep Learning Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404132887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3493140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493140","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091587843","display_name":"Sagnik De","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3092-5319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106542073","display_name":"University of Calcutta","ror":"https://ror.org/01e7v7w47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sagnik de","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004894915","display_name":"Anurag Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-2777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188963388","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dernx73","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188963388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155265","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016kfyg29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155265"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology Naya Raipur (IIIT Naya Raipur), Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology Naya Raipur (IIIT Naya Raipur), Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155265","https://openalex.org/I188963388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101712130","display_name":"Vivek Tiwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-5113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9747756","display_name":"Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/008b3ap06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior (ABV-IIITM Gwalior), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior (ABV-IIITM Gwalior), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032751237","display_name":"Harshita Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-9028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshita Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020985121","display_name":"G. N. Vivekananda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. N. Vivekananda","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047243515","display_name":"Dharmendra Singh Rajput","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-8739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dharmendra Singh Rajput","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091587843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.1982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"173109","last_page":"173126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6593946218490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.632646381855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.49565398693084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4719271659851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11337563395500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10675576329231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10199576616287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.056058645248413086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6593946218490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.632646381855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.49565398693084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4719271659851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11337563395500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10675576329231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10199576616287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.056058645248413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3493140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:133f60077abc4d82bb7a980f6f247e1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/133f60077abc4d82bb7a980f6f247e1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 173109-173126 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3493140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3493140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112735526","https://openalex.org/W2147721078","https://openalex.org/W2479263883","https://openalex.org/W2513975684","https://openalex.org/W2769755321","https://openalex.org/W2885839206","https://openalex.org/W2896806491","https://openalex.org/W2945280224","https://openalex.org/W3004599123","https://openalex.org/W3044957499","https://openalex.org/W3094327940","https://openalex.org/W3105250175","https://openalex.org/W3117162447","https://openalex.org/W3120136139","https://openalex.org/W3121117531","https://openalex.org/W3126085817","https://openalex.org/W3129234057","https://openalex.org/W3157219251","https://openalex.org/W3180490839","https://openalex.org/W3206645122","https://openalex.org/W4200247865","https://openalex.org/W4205354408","https://openalex.org/W4206221039","https://openalex.org/W4206939341","https://openalex.org/W4224247713","https://openalex.org/W4287510307","https://openalex.org/W4290839372","https://openalex.org/W4295308158","https://openalex.org/W4315694919","https://openalex.org/W4382769645","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386362445","https://openalex.org/W4387694002","https://openalex.org/W4387712778","https://openalex.org/W4387936925","https://openalex.org/W4389482466","https://openalex.org/W4391096602","https://openalex.org/W4391342352","https://openalex.org/W4391925841","https://openalex.org/W4391936558","https://openalex.org/W4392025420","https://openalex.org/W4392982246","https://openalex.org/W4395029698","https://openalex.org/W4399882071","https://openalex.org/W4399886227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2358668433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Major":[0],"depressive":[1],"disorder":[2],"(MDD)":[3],"is":[4,93,155,170,212,269],"a":[5,10,70,79,132,145,208],"mental":[6],"ailment":[7],"marked":[8],"by":[9,320,348],"loss":[11],"of":[12,55,78,117,122,148,243,287,309,331],"interest":[13],"in":[14,26,28,84,97,103,119,345],"activities,":[15],"persistent":[16],"depression,":[17],"and":[18,34,45,57,66,89,165,203,238,277,296,306,313],"hopelessness.":[19],"MDD":[20,118,143,180,217,261],"has":[21,35,67],"been":[22],"on":[23,53,271,316,325,338],"the":[24,62,75,120,159,163,166,185,216,229,239,244,284,288,293],"rise":[25],"society":[27],"recent":[29,104],"decades":[30],"for":[31,50,114,141,179,194,258],"varied":[32,340],"reasons":[33],"spurred":[36],"suicidal":[37],"tendencies":[38],"among":[39],"individuals.":[40],"Early":[41],"detection,":[42],"continuous":[43],"monitoring,":[44],"effective":[46],"treatment":[47],"are":[48],"crucial":[49],"its":[51],"impact":[52],"quality":[54],"life":[56],"society.":[58],"EEG":[59,91,149,164,264],"signal":[60],"models":[61],"brain\u2019s":[63],"electrical":[64],"activities":[65],"emerged":[68],"as":[69],"potential":[71],"tool":[72],"to":[73,82,157,200,214],"assess":[74],"depression":[76,346],"status":[77],"person.":[80],"Due":[81],"advancements":[83,344],"sensor":[85],"technology,":[86],"fast,":[87],"convenient,":[88],"cost-effective":[90],"acquisition":[92],"now":[94],"possible,":[95],"resulting":[96,167],"many":[98],"EEG-based":[99],"healthcare":[100],"monitoring":[101,112],"applications":[102],"years.":[105],"This":[106],"work":[107],"proposes":[108],"an":[109,255,321,329],"EEG-headset-based":[110],"smart":[111],"system":[113],"real-time":[115,260],"diagnosis":[116,262],"Internet":[121],"Medical":[123],"Things":[124],"(IoMT)":[125],"framework.":[126],"In":[127],"this":[128],"study,":[129],"we":[130],"proposed":[131,221,247,267,289,334],"novel":[133,209],"Linear":[134,175,196,234],"Graph":[135,176,197,235],"Convolution":[136,177,198,236],"Network-Transformer-based":[137],"deep":[138,298],"learning":[139,202,232,299],"approach":[140,336],"categorizing":[142],"through":[144],"time-frequency":[146],"analysis":[147,227],"signals.":[150,265],"The":[151,220,246,266,280,333],"Stockwell":[152],"transform":[153],"(S-transform)":[154],"employed":[156],"exploit":[158],"spectro-temporal":[160],"information":[161],"from":[162],"2D":[168],"representation":[169],"then":[171],"fed":[172],"into":[173],"customized":[174,195],"Network":[178],"detection.":[181],"We":[182],"have":[183],"utilized":[184],"Weighted":[186],"Focal":[187],"Binary":[188],"Hinge":[189],"Loss":[190],"function,":[191],"specifically":[192],"designed":[193,213],"Network,":[199,237],"improve":[201],"handle":[204],"unbalanced":[205],"input.":[206],"Subsequently,":[207],"Transformer":[210],"model":[211,249],"refine":[215],"classification":[218],"further.":[219],"methodology":[222,268],"named":[223],"SLiTRANet,":[224],"blends":[225],"spectral":[226],"with":[228,233,328],"S-transform,":[230],"graph-based":[231],"sequence":[240],"modeling":[241],"capability":[242],"Transformer.":[245],"SLiTRANet":[248,290],"can":[250],"be":[251],"further":[252],"integrated":[253],"within":[254],"IoMT":[256],"framework":[257,291],"automated":[259],"using":[263],"evaluated":[270],"two":[272,339],"publicly":[273],"available":[274],"datasets,":[275],"MODMA":[276,326],"HUSM":[278,317],"datasets.":[279],"evaluation":[281],"results":[282],"demonstrate":[283],"superior":[285],"performance":[286,324],"against":[292],"existing":[294],"pre-trained":[295],"hybrid":[297],"models,":[300],"achieving":[301],"remarkable":[302],"accuracy,":[303],"sensitivity,":[304],"specificity,":[305],"precision":[307],"rates":[308],"99.92%,":[310],"99.90%,":[311],"99.95%,":[312],"99.97%,":[314],"respectively":[315],"dataset":[318,327],"followed":[319],"equally":[322],"good":[323],"accuracy":[330],"99.68%.":[332],"comprehensive":[335],"implemented":[337],"datasets":[341],"highlights":[342],"significant":[343],"detection":[347],"outperforming":[349],"state-of-art":[350],"approaches.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}