{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404035405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3491104","title":"IST-DETR: Improved DETR for Infrared Small Target Detection","display_name":"IST-DETR: Improved DETR for Infrared Small Target Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404035405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3491104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3491104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3491104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3491104","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102957217","display_name":"L. Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-2280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602746","display_name":"Jianlong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-3135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianlong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047428496","display_name":"Yunhao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-3271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-3271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114513007","display_name":"Qian Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114513008","display_name":"Guyao Rong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guyao Rong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052905602","display_name":"Si-Da Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-3376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sida Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078609868","display_name":"Jianing Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianing Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":12.8105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9818495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"164303","last_page":"164314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9354000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9354000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5025393962860107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5025393962860107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3491104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3491104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34b66cb4fbfe4096914d59960845bef4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34b66cb4fbfe4096914d59960845bef4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 164303-164314 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3491104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3491104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4135516956","display_name":"\u4e0d\u786e\u77e5\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6709\u9650\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u63a2\u7d22\u822a\u8ff9\u89c4\u5212\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62063035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4329550701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4896622061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202201AU070047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332533","funder_display_name":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5021756971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202401CF070074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332533","funder_display_name":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8253986917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62105279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332533","display_name":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/030jhb479"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2977377165","https://openalex.org/W2980386799","https://openalex.org/W2990763144","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3194790201","https://openalex.org/W4200472367","https://openalex.org/W4214627427","https://openalex.org/W4285047664","https://openalex.org/W4285804308","https://openalex.org/W4286630479","https://openalex.org/W4286634283","https://openalex.org/W4312312588","https://openalex.org/W4363649412","https://openalex.org/W4366598917","https://openalex.org/W4384652394","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4388820798","https://openalex.org/W4388979504","https://openalex.org/W4389776976","https://openalex.org/W4390357064","https://openalex.org/W4390873750","https://openalex.org/W4394670654","https://openalex.org/W4394698960","https://openalex.org/W4401477932","https://openalex.org/W6775034530","https://openalex.org/W6798838024","https://openalex.org/W6802878479","https://openalex.org/W6809665764","https://openalex.org/W6810974023","https://openalex.org/W6811230874","https://openalex.org/W6847876731","https://openalex.org/W6848712460","https://openalex.org/W6857622863","https://openalex.org/W6858317486","https://openalex.org/W6873058455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"an":[3,123],"Infrared":[4],"Small-Target":[5],"Detection":[6],"Transformer":[7],"(IST-DETR)":[8],"is":[9],"introduced,":[10],"a":[11,30,33,37,44,63,90,95,134,153],"novel":[12,96],"model":[13],"specifically":[14],"designed":[15],"to":[16,57,68,102],"tackle":[17],"the":[18,70,114],"challenges":[19],"of":[20,84,127,137,156],"low-resolution":[21],"infrared":[22,86,164],"images":[23],"and":[24,43,61,76,94,119,130,150,158,168],"small":[25,85,163],"target":[26],"scales.":[27],"IST-DETR":[28,142],"integrates":[29],"backbone":[31],"network,":[32],"hybrid":[34,51],"encoder":[35,52],"featuring,":[36],"Mutual":[38],"Feature":[39],"Screening":[40],"(MFS)":[41],"module,":[42],"decoder":[45],"with":[46,133],"auxiliary":[47],"prediction":[48],"heads.":[49],"The":[50],"employs":[53,62],"Learning":[54],"Position":[55],"Encoding":[56],"reduce":[58],"information":[59],"redundancy":[60],"mutual":[64],"feature":[65],"screening":[66],"mechanism":[67],"enhance":[69],"interaction":[71],"between":[72],"high-level":[73],"semantic":[74],"features":[75],"low-level":[77],"positional":[78],"features,":[79],"facilitating":[80],"more":[81],"accurate":[82],"detection":[83,109],"targets.":[87],"What\u2019s":[88],"more,":[89],"customized":[91],"IoU":[92],"metric":[93],"sample":[97],"weighting":[98],"function":[99],"are":[100],"employed":[101],"effectively":[103],"address":[104],"dataset":[105],"imbalance,":[106],"significantly":[107],"improving":[108],"performance.":[110],"Experiments":[111],"conducted":[112],"on":[113],"FLIR":[115],"Dataset,":[116,118],"HIT-UAV":[117],"IVFlying":[120],"Dataset":[121],"yielded":[122],"average":[124],"precision":[125],"(AP)":[126],"44.1%,":[128],"34.0%,":[129],"58.5%,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"processing":[135],"speed":[136,157],"74":[138],"frames":[139],"per":[140],"second.":[141],"outperforms":[143],"contemporary":[144],"algorithms":[145],"such":[146],"as":[147],"Yolov8,":[148],"CO-DETR,":[149],"DINO,":[151],"demonstrating":[152],"superior":[154],"balance":[155],"accuracy,":[159],"particularly":[160],"in":[161],"recognizing":[162],"targets":[165],"across":[166],"diverse":[167],"complex":[169],"scenarios.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
